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VMware 2V0-61.20 (VMware Professional Workspace ONE Exam) exam dumps vce, practice test questions, study guide & video training course to study and pass quickly and easily. VMware 2V0-61.20 VMware Professional Workspace ONE Exam exam dumps & practice test questions and answers. You need avanset vce exam simulator in order to study the VMware 2V0-61.20 certification exam dumps & VMware 2V0-61.20 practice test questions in vce format.
The 2V0-61.20 Exam, also known as the Professional VMware vSphere 7.x exam, is the final step toward achieving the highly respected VMware Certified Professional - Data Center Virtualization (VCP-DCV) 2020 certification. This exam is designed for virtualization administrators, system engineers, and consultants who install, configure, manage, and optimize VMware vSphere 7.x solutions. Passing this exam validates a candidate's deep understanding of vSphere architecture and their ability to effectively manage a modern software-defined data center. It is a globally recognized benchmark of technical proficiency with VMware's flagship virtualization platform.
This certification is valuable because it demonstrates to employers and clients that an individual possesses a standardized level of expertise. It proves that you can not only perform daily administrative tasks but also understand the underlying principles of vSphere that enable you to design, deploy, and troubleshoot complex virtual environments. The 2V0-61.20 Exam covers a wide array of topics, from the core architecture of ESXi and vCenter Server to advanced features like High Availability (HA), Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS), and vSphere Lifecycle Manager (vLCM). It is a comprehensive test of both conceptual knowledge and practical skills.
To be eligible for the 2V0-61.20 Exam, candidates are typically required to attend an official VMware training course. This prerequisite ensures that all certified professionals have a baseline of formal education on the platform. The exam itself is comprised of multiple-choice questions that are often based on real-world scenarios. Success requires a combination of theoretical study, extensive hands-on practice in a lab environment, and a solid understanding of the official VMware documentation. This certification is a significant milestone for any IT professional working in the field of data center virtualization.
At its core, the VMware vSphere 7.x architecture is built upon two fundamental components: the ESXi hypervisor and the vCenter Server. A solid grasp of how these two components interact is essential for the 2V0-61.20 Exam. The ESXi hypervisor is the virtualization platform that is installed directly onto a physical server. Its job is to abstract the server's hardware resources—CPU, memory, storage, and networking—and allow them to be divided and allocated to multiple virtual machines. Each ESXi host operates as an independent unit, capable of running VMs on its own.
While a single ESXi host is powerful, managing a data center with tens or hundreds of hosts individually would be incredibly inefficient. This is where vCenter Server comes in. vCenter Server is a centralized management application that provides a single point of control for all the ESXi hosts and virtual machines in an environment. It unlocks the enterprise-class features of vSphere that are not available with standalone hosts, such as vMotion, High Availability, and DRS. It aggregates the resources of all managed hosts, presenting them as a unified pool.
Users and administrators interact with this entire ecosystem through the vSphere Client. In vSphere 7.x, this is a modern, HTML5-based web interface that connects to the vCenter Server. From this single client, an administrator can manage every aspect of the virtual infrastructure, from deploying new virtual machines to configuring complex networking and storage. The 2V0-61.20 Exam will test your understanding of this architectural relationship: ESXi provides the resources, vCenter Server provides the centralized management and advanced features, and the vSphere Client is the window through which you control it all.
The VMware ESXi hypervisor is the foundation of the vSphere platform, and its characteristics are a key topic for the 2V0-61.20 Exam. ESXi is a Type-1, or "bare-metal," hypervisor. This means it is installed directly onto the physical hardware of a server, without a traditional operating system underneath it. This direct access to the hardware allows for greater performance, stability, and security compared to Type-2 hypervisors, which run on top of a conventional OS like Windows or Linux.
One of the defining features of ESXi is its small footprint. The core hypervisor is a highly compact and optimized piece of software, which reduces its attack surface and makes it more secure. It includes its own hardened kernel, known as the VMkernel, which manages the physical resources of the host. The VMkernel is responsible for scheduling CPU and memory for virtual machines and for managing the host's storage and network stacks. All device drivers are contained within the hypervisor, ensuring tight integration and high performance.
Management of an ESXi host can be done in a few ways. For initial configuration or emergency access, administrators can use the Direct Console User Interface (DCUI), a simple, text-based interface accessible from the server's physical console. A more comprehensive web-based interface, the ESXi Host Client, is also available for managing a single host. However, for scalable, enterprise-level management, the host is almost always added to a vCenter Server inventory. The 2V0-61.20 Exam requires you to understand the role of ESXi as the bedrock of the entire virtual infrastructure.
vCenter Server is the essential management hub of any vSphere environment, transforming a collection of individual ESXi hosts into a unified, resilient, and manageable cloud infrastructure. Understanding its critical functions is a major part of preparing for the 2V0-61.20 Exam. It is the central nervous system that provides the advanced features that define the software-defined data center, such as centralized authentication, inventory management, and task scheduling. Without vCenter Server, features like vMotion and DRS would not be possible.
Starting with vSphere 7.x, vCenter Server is exclusively deployed as a pre-packaged virtual machine known as the vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA). The VCSA is a Linux-based appliance that is optimized for running vCenter Server and its associated services. This has simplified deployment and management compared to the previous Windows-based installation option. The VCSA includes all the necessary components, such as the Platform Services Controller (PSC), which handles authentication through vSphere Single Sign-On (SSO), and the vCenter Server services themselves.
The core of vCenter Server is its inventory service, which maintains a hierarchical view of all the objects in the virtual environment, including datacenters, clusters, hosts, virtual machines, and networks. It also provides a robust performance monitoring and alarm framework, allowing administrators to track the health and performance of the entire infrastructure and to be alerted to potential issues. The 2V0-61.20 Exam will test your knowledge of these core vCenter services and why they are indispensable for managing vSphere at scale.
The ultimate purpose of a vSphere environment is to run virtual machines (VMs), and a deep understanding of what constitutes a VM is fundamental for the 2V0-61.20 Exam. A virtual machine is a self-contained software construct that emulates a complete physical computer. It is comprised of a set of discrete files that are stored on a datastore. The most important of these files is the configuration file, which has a .vmx extension. This file is a text file that defines the virtual hardware of the VM, such as the amount of vCPU, memory, and the type of virtual network card.
The virtual disks of a VM are stored in .vmdk files. This file, known as the virtual machine disk file, contains the guest operating system, applications, and all the data for the VM. Other key files include the .nvram file, which acts like the VM's BIOS or UEFI, and log files (.log) that record the VM's activity for troubleshooting purposes. Understanding the role of these different files is crucial for tasks like backup, recovery, and manual migration.
A critical component associated with every VM is VMware Tools. This is a suite of utilities that is installed inside the guest operating system of the virtual machine. It is not an optional component; it is essential for optimal performance and manageability. VMware Tools provides improved video and network drivers, enables features like graceful shutdown and restart from the vSphere Client, and allows for time synchronization between the guest OS and the ESXi host. The 2V0-61.20 Exam will expect you to know the purpose and importance of VMware Tools.
Virtual networking is a core component of any vSphere environment, and the 2V0-61.20 Exam requires a solid understanding of its basic building blocks. In vSphere, networking is handled by virtual switches. The most fundamental type of virtual switch is the vSphere Standard Switch (VSS). A VSS works much like a physical Ethernet switch, but it exists in software within the VMkernel of an ESXi host. Its purpose is to forward network traffic between virtual machines on the same host and to connect them to the physical network.
A VSS is configured on a per-host basis. It has two main types of components: port groups and uplinks. Uplinks are the physical network interface cards (pNICs) of the ESXi host that are connected to the virtual switch. These uplinks are the bridge between the virtual world and the physical network. Port groups are logical collections of ports on the virtual switch that provide a connection point for virtual machines. A VM's virtual network adapter (vNIC) is connected to a specific port group.
All VMs connected to the same port group are on the same logical network segment. A port group can be configured with a VLAN ID to isolate its traffic from other port groups, just like on a physical switch. Beyond connecting VMs, special port groups called VMkernel port groups are used to provide network connectivity for the ESXi host's own services, such as the management interface, vMotion traffic, and iSCSI storage traffic. Mastering these VSS concepts is a foundational step for the 2V0-61.20 Exam.
Just as vSphere abstracts compute and networking resources, it also abstracts physical storage. The fundamental concept to understand for the 2V0-61.20 Exam is the datastore. A datastore is a logical storage container, analogous to a file system, that is used to hold all the necessary files for virtual machines, including their configuration files and virtual disks. Datastores hide the complexity of the underlying physical storage, providing a uniform model for all VMs, regardless of the storage technology being used.
vSphere supports several different storage protocols and datastore types. The most common is VMFS (Virtual Machine File System), which is a high-performance clustered file system designed specifically for virtual machines. VMFS datastores are created on block-based storage devices, which are accessed by the ESXi hosts using protocols like Fibre Channel or iSCSI. Another common type is the NFS (Network File System) datastore, which is used with file-based storage arrays. vSphere 7.x also supports more advanced storage models like vSAN and vVols.
When creating a virtual disk for a VM, you have a choice of provisioning formats. The two main types are thick and thin provisioning. A thick-provisioned disk allocates all of its space on the datastore at the time of creation, even if the guest OS has not written any data to it yet. A thin-provisioned disk, on the other hand, starts small and only grows as the guest OS writes data into it. Understanding the difference between these formats and their respective use cases is a key storage topic for the 2V0-61.20 Exam.
The ability to deploy the vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA) is a fundamental skill tested on the 2V0-61.20 Exam. In vSphere 7.x, the VCSA is the only deployment option for vCenter Server. The deployment process is a two-stage operation initiated by running an installer from a client machine. The installer is an ISO file that you mount, which contains installation wizards for Windows, macOS, and Linux. This flexibility ensures you can start the deployment from almost any administrative workstation.
Stage one of the process focuses on deploying the virtual appliance itself onto a target ESXi host or an existing vCenter Server. During this stage, you provide essential information such as the target host's credentials, the network settings for the new VCSA (IP address, subnet mask, gateway), and a root password. You also select the deployment size (e.g., Tiny, Small, Large) based on the number of hosts and VMs you intend to manage. This sizing is critical as it determines the vCPU, memory, and storage resources allocated to the VCSA.
Stage two involves the configuration of the vCenter services within the newly deployed appliance. This is where you set up the vSphere Single Sign-On (SSO) domain. You can either create a new SSO domain or join an existing one for unified authentication across multiple vCenter Servers. You also configure the time synchronization settings, typically pointing to an NTP server. Completing both stages successfully results in a fully operational vCenter Server, ready for you to log in and start managing your vSphere environment. This entire workflow is a core competency for the 2V0-61.20 Exam.
The vSphere Client is the primary graphical user interface for managing a vSphere environment, and proficiency in its use is assumed for the 2V0-61.20 Exam. In vSphere 7.x, the client is a modern, fully featured HTML5-based web interface. It provides a comprehensive view and control over all inventory objects managed by vCenter Server. After logging in, you are presented with a main navigation pane that organizes the inventory into logical categories, which is essential for efficient administration.
The main inventory views include "Hosts and Clusters," which provides a hierarchical view of your compute resources, organized into datacenters, clusters, and individual hosts. The "VMs and Templates" view offers a similar hierarchical structure for managing your virtual machines and templates, often organized into folders for different departments or applications. The "Storage" view is where you manage datastores and storage policies, while the "Networking" view is used for configuring both standard and distributed virtual switches.
Beyond these primary inventory views, the vSphere Client also provides access to global settings and administrative tools. This includes areas for managing licensing, system configuration, user roles and permissions, and monitoring tasks and events. The client's search functionality is also extremely powerful, allowing you to quickly find any object in the inventory. A comfortable and efficient navigation of this interface is critical for performing the tasks and solving the problems presented in the 2V0-61.20 Exam.
Organizing the vCenter Server inventory in a logical and scalable manner is a key administrative practice and a topic you should be prepared for on the 2V0-61.20 Exam. vCenter Server uses a hierarchical object model to represent your virtual infrastructure. The top-level object is the vCenter Server itself. Beneath it, the primary organizational object is the Datacenter. A Datacenter object is a logical container for all the other inventory objects, such as hosts, VMs, and networks, that are part of a specific physical location or logical grouping.
Within a Datacenter object, you can create Clusters. A Cluster is a collection of ESXi hosts whose resources are pooled together. Clusters are the fundamental building block for enabling vSphere's advanced features like High Availability (HA) and Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS). Hosts that are part of a cluster work together to provide a resilient and balanced environment for the virtual machines. You can add hosts to a cluster or have them exist as standalone hosts directly under a Datacenter object.
To further organize your inventory, especially virtual machines, you can use Folders. You can create folders for VMs and templates, as well as for hosts and clusters. This allows you to group objects in a way that makes sense for your organization, such as by department, application tier, or service level. For example, you might have a "Finance Department" folder that contains all the VMs for that business unit. Proper use of these inventory objects is crucial for maintaining a tidy and manageable environment, a concept central to the 2V0-61.20 Exam.
Beyond the basic creation of a virtual machine, the 2V0-61.20 Exam will test your knowledge of more advanced operations that improve efficiency and scalability. Two of the most important of these are cloning and templating. Cloning a virtual machine creates an exact, independent copy of the original. This is useful when you need to quickly deploy a new VM that is identical to an existing one, for example, to scale out a web server farm. The clone is a fully separate VM with its own unique identity and MAC address.
A more powerful method for standardized deployment is the use of templates. A template is a master copy of a virtual machine that cannot be powered on or edited directly. Its sole purpose is to serve as a blueprint for deploying new VMs. The typical workflow is to create a "golden image" VM, install and configure the operating system and all necessary applications and patches, and then convert this VM into a template. When you deploy a new VM from this template, a fresh copy is created, which can then be customized using guest customization specifications to give it a unique hostname, IP address, and license.
The difference between a clone and a template is a key concept for the 2V0-61.20 Exam. While both create copies, a clone is a one-off copy of a VM in its current state, whereas a template is a master image designed for repeatable, standardized deployments. Using templates ensures consistency and significantly reduces the time and effort required to provision new services, which is a cornerstone of efficient data center management.
Content Libraries are a feature designed to simplify the management and distribution of the files used to deploy virtual machines. A deep understanding of their function and benefits is important for the 2V0-61.20 Exam. A Content Library is a centralized repository where you can store and manage various types of content, including VM templates, OVF packages, ISO images, and other files. This centralization solves the problem of having important deployment files scattered across various datastores, which can be inefficient and difficult to manage.
There are two main types of Content Libraries: local and subscribed. A local library is created and managed within a single vCenter Server instance. You can publish your local library, which allows other vCenter Server instances to subscribe to it. A subscribed library is one that synchronizes its content from a published local library. This publish/subscribe model is extremely powerful for environments with multiple vCenter Servers, for example, across different geographical sites. It ensures that all sites have access to the same, consistent set of approved templates and ISO images.
When you create a subscribed library, you can choose to have it download all the content immediately or to download it on-demand when it is needed. This provides flexibility for managing bandwidth usage over the WAN. By using Content Libraries, an administrator can ensure that all new VM deployments are based on standardized, up-to-date, and approved templates, which enhances security, consistency, and operational efficiency. This powerful feature is a key topic for the 2V0-61.20 Exam.
The lifecycle of a virtual machine often involves modifying its virtual hardware to meet changing application demands. The 2V0-61.20 Exam requires you to understand the procedures and limitations for these modifications. vSphere provides a great deal of flexibility in adjusting a VM's resources, such as its virtual CPU (vCPU) count, memory allocation, and disk space. Many of these changes can be performed while the virtual machine is running, a feature known as "hot-add."
The ability to hot-add resources depends on the guest operating system's support for this feature and the VM's hardware version. For example, modern server operating systems typically allow you to add vCPUs or increase memory on a running VM without any downtime. This is incredibly useful for scaling an application's performance in response to a sudden increase in load. However, some changes, such as decreasing the amount of memory or changing the type of virtual network adapter, still require the VM to be powered off.
Another critical management task is the use of snapshots. A snapshot captures the entire state of a virtual machine at a specific point in time, including its memory, settings, and all its virtual disks. Snapshots are extremely useful for creating a short-term rollback point before performing a risky operation, such as a software upgrade or a configuration change. However, it is crucial to understand that snapshots are not a backup solution. They should only be kept for a short period (typically no more than 72 hours) and must be deleted to merge the changes back into the base disk. The proper use and management of snapshots is a frequent topic on the 2V0-61.20 Exam.
VMware Tools is a suite of in-guest drivers and utilities that is fundamental to the proper functioning of a virtual machine. Its importance cannot be overstated, and it is a recurring topic in the 2V0-61.20 Exam. While a VM can run without VMware Tools, its performance and manageability will be severely degraded. Installing this suite is one of the first and most critical steps after creating a new virtual machine and installing its guest operating system.
One of the primary functions of VMware Tools is to provide optimized device drivers for the virtual hardware. This includes the paravirtualized network adapter (VMXNET3) and the paravirtualized SCSI controller, both of which offer significantly higher performance than emulated legacy devices. It also includes a video driver that allows for higher resolutions and better mouse performance. Without these drivers, the guest OS would be forced to use generic, low-performance drivers.
Beyond drivers, VMware Tools enables a communication channel between the guest OS and the ESXi host. This channel is used for several key features. It allows for the graceful shutdown or restart of the guest OS directly from the vSphere Client. It enables time synchronization, ensuring the clock inside the VM is accurate. It also provides the host with information about the guest, such as its IP address and hostname, which is displayed in the vSphere Client. The installation, upgrade, and verification of VMware Tools are essential skills for any vSphere administrator.
A thorough understanding of the vSphere Standard Switch (VSS) is a foundational networking requirement for the 2V0-61.20 Exam. A VSS is a software-based switch that exists within the VMkernel of a single ESXi host. It is used to provide network connectivity for the virtual machines on that host and for the host's own management services. Each VSS must be configured independently on every ESXi host, which means its configuration is not centralized. This is a key distinction from the Distributed Switch.
The configuration of a VSS involves three main components: uplinks, port groups, and the switch itself. The uplinks are the physical network interface cards (pNICs) of the host that are connected to the physical network. You can team multiple uplinks together on a single VSS for redundancy and load balancing. Port groups are logical groupings of ports that provide a connection point for network clients. There are two types of port groups.
The first type is a Virtual Machine Port Group, which is used to connect the virtual network adapters (vNICs) of your VMs to the network. The second, and critically important, type is the VMkernel Port Group (vmknic). A VMkernel port is a special interface used by the ESXi host itself for services like management traffic, vMotion, iSCSI storage access, and NFS storage access. The ability to create and correctly configure both types of port groups is an essential skill that the 2V0-61.20 Exam will test.
While the vSphere Standard Switch is managed on a per-host basis, the vSphere Distributed Switch (VDS) provides a centralized model for network configuration and management. Understanding the advantages and features of the VDS is crucial for the 2V0-61.20 Exam. A VDS is configured at the vCenter Server level and spans across all the ESXi hosts that are associated with it. This means you can create and configure networking policies once on the VDS, and those settings are automatically propagated down to all the hosts.
This centralized management is the primary benefit of a VDS. It simplifies administration and ensures a consistent network configuration across the entire cluster, reducing the risk of misconfiguration. For example, if you need to add a new VLAN or port group for your VMs, you only need to add it once on the VDS, and it immediately becomes available on every host in the cluster. This is a significant improvement over the VSS model, where you would have to manually add the port group on each individual host.
Furthermore, the VDS enables a range of advanced networking features that are not available with the VSS. These features include Network I/O Control (NIOC), which allows you to prioritize different types of network traffic; support for Private VLANs (PVLANs) for enhanced security and traffic segmentation; and Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) for creating dynamic and robust NIC teams. The 2V0-61.20 Exam will expect you to be able to compare the VSS and VDS and identify the use cases where a VDS is the superior choice.
Both vSphere Standard and Distributed Switches allow for the configuration of various policies that control security, traffic shaping, and NIC teaming. A solid grasp of these policies is required for the 2V0-61.20 Exam, as they are key to customizing the behavior of the virtual network. These policies can be set at the switch level, affecting all port groups, or they can be overridden on a per-port-group basis for more granular control.
Security policies are among the most important. There are three key settings: Promiscuous Mode, MAC Address Changes, and Forged Transmits. By default, all of these are set to "Reject" for security reasons. Allowing Promiscuous Mode, for example, would let a VM see all traffic on the virtual switch, which is a security risk and is typically only used for network monitoring applications. Understanding the security implications of changing these defaults is essential.
Traffic shaping policies allow you to control the bandwidth available to the VMs connected to a port group. You can set limits on the average bandwidth, peak bandwidth, and burst size. This is useful for preventing a single VM or group of VMs from consuming all the available network bandwidth. Finally, NIC teaming policies determine how the traffic is distributed across the multiple physical uplinks connected to the switch. There are several load balancing algorithms to choose from, such as "Route based on originating virtual port ID" (the default) and "Route based on IP hash."
VMFS, or Virtual Machine File System, is VMware's proprietary high-performance clustered file system, and its management is a core storage topic for the 2V0-61.20 Exam. VMFS datastores are created on block-based storage devices, such as those presented from a Fibre Channel or iSCSI SAN. Before you can create a VMFS datastore, the ESXi hosts must be properly configured to see the underlying storage LUN (Logical Unit Number). This involves setting up the appropriate storage adapters, such as hardware or software iSCSI initiators.
Once the LUN is visible to the host, you can use the vSphere Client to format it with VMFS. The current version, VMFS 6, introduced in vSphere 6.5, includes several enhancements. It uses a 4K block size and supports automatic space reclamation, also known as UNMAP, which allows the storage array to reclaim unused blocks of space that were previously occupied by a deleted or moved VM. This helps to keep thin-provisioned arrays from becoming unnecessarily full.
One of the powerful features of VMFS is its ability to be easily expanded. If a datastore is running low on space, you can increase its size in two ways. You can either grow the underlying LUN on the storage array and then expand the datastore to fill the new space, or you can add another LUN to the datastore, creating an "extent." The datastore will then span across both LUNs. Understanding the process of creating, managing, and expanding VMFS datastores is a fundamental skill for any vSphere administrator preparing for the 2V0-61.20 Exam.
To improve the efficiency and intelligence of storage operations, VMware has developed a set of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) that allow for deeper integration between vSphere and third-party storage arrays. The 2V0-61.20 Exam will expect you to have a conceptual understanding of these key APIs, particularly VAAI and VASA. These APIs enable the ESXi host to offload certain storage-intensive tasks to the storage array itself, which is much more efficient at performing them.
VAAI stands for vSphere API for Array Integration. It allows the host to offload operations like cloning, zeroing out disk blocks, and implementing storage-level locks. For example, when you clone a virtual machine, instead of the ESXi host reading all the data from the LUN and then writing it back to the same LUN (a process known as a "copy-on-read"), VAAI allows the host to simply issue a command to the storage array to perform the copy entirely within the array. This is much faster and reduces the load on the host and the storage network.
VASA, the vSphere API for Storage Awareness, provides a different function. It allows the storage array to communicate its capabilities and status directly to vCenter Server. This information, such as whether a LUN is on an SSD tier or a SATA tier, or whether it supports replication, is then displayed in the vSphere Client. This awareness is the foundation for features like VM Storage Policies, which allow you to place VMs on datastores based on their advertised capabilities.
A vSphere cluster is a collection of two or more ESXi hosts that are managed as a single entity. Creating a cluster is the first step to enabling the enterprise-class features that are central to the 2V0-61.20 Exam, namely vSphere High Availability (HA) and Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS). By pooling the compute resources of multiple hosts, a cluster provides the foundation for workload aggregation, resource balancing, and automated failure response, which are the hallmarks of a modern virtualized data center.
Before creating a cluster, there are several prerequisites that must be met. All hosts in the cluster must have access to the same shared storage, where the virtual machines will reside. This is critical for features like vMotion and HA. The hosts must also have their networking configured consistently, including having VMkernel ports for vMotion and management. It is also highly recommended that the hosts in a cluster have similar or identical hardware, especially CPUs from the same vendor and family, to ensure vMotion compatibility.
Once the prerequisites are in place, creating the cluster is a straightforward process in the vSphere Client. You create a new cluster object within your datacenter and then simply drag and drop the prepared ESXi hosts into it. During the cluster creation wizard, you are given the option to enable and configure key services like vSphere HA and DRS. Understanding the purpose of a cluster and the requirements for its creation is a fundamental concept for the 2V0-61.20 Exam.
vSphere High Availability (HA) is a core feature that provides automated, cost-effective protection against ESXi host failures. A deep understanding of how HA works is absolutely essential for the 2V0-61.20 Exam. The primary purpose of HA is to minimize virtual machine downtime. If an ESXi host in an HA-enabled cluster fails unexpectedly, the virtual machines that were running on that host are automatically restarted on the other surviving hosts in the cluster. This failover process happens without any manual intervention.
The magic behind vSphere HA is an agent called the Fault Domain Manager (FDM), which runs on every host in the cluster. The hosts in the cluster elect one host to be the master, while the others act as slaves. The master is responsible for monitoring the health of the slave hosts and initiating the restart of VMs in the event of a failure. The hosts communicate with each other using a network heartbeat over the management network and a datastore heartbeat, which involves locking files on shared datastores.
If the master host stops receiving heartbeats from a slave host, it will declare that host as failed. It will then determine which virtual machines need to be restarted and will issue commands to the other slave hosts to power them on. This entire process typically completes within a few minutes, restoring the services provided by the affected VMs. The 2V0-61.20 Exam will test your knowledge of this failure detection and recovery process.
Configuring vSphere HA involves more than just enabling a checkbox; it requires careful consideration of its policies, particularly Admission Control. This is a critical configuration topic for the 2V0-61.20 Exam. Admission Control is the mechanism that HA uses to ensure that there are enough spare resources in the cluster to be able to restart all the VMs from a failed host. If Admission Control is enabled, vSphere will not allow you to power on VMs if doing so would violate the failover capacity policy.
There are three main Admission Control policies. The "Cluster resource percentage" policy is the most common and flexible. With this policy, you reserve a specific percentage of the total CPU and memory resources of the cluster for failover purposes. The "Slot policy" is an older method that calculates the resource needs of the largest VMs and ensures enough "slots" are available. The "Dedicated failover host" policy is the simplest: you designate one or more hosts to be empty standbys, ready to take on the workload of a failed host.
Beyond Admission Control, HA offers other features like Proactive HA, which can vMotion VMs away from a host that is showing signs of impending failure based on its hardware health status. It also includes VM and Application Monitoring, which can detect not just host failures, but also guest OS crashes or application hangs, and can automatically restart the affected VM. Understanding how and when to use these various HA settings is a key competency for the 2V0-61.20 Exam.
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