VMware 2V0-72.22 Exam Dumps & Practice Test Questions

Question 1:

What must be configured to ensure that a class annotated with @Component is automatically registered as a bean in the Spring container?

A. The @Component annotation must include a custom bean name
B. The Java configuration should include a valid @ComponentScan annotation
C. A @Scope annotation must be declared for the class
D. A @Bean method must be defined to register the class

Correct Answer: B

Explanation:

In the Spring Framework, developers can define beans in multiple ways—either explicitly via @Bean methods in configuration classes or automatically through classpath scanning of annotations like @Component. The latter approach, often referred to as annotation-based configuration, provides convenience and better scalability in modern Spring applications.

The @Component annotation is used to mark a class as a candidate for auto-detection when Spring performs classpath scanning. However, for this detection to work properly, Spring must be instructed where to scan for such components. This is where the @ComponentScan annotation plays a crucial role.

Using @ComponentScan in a configuration class tells Spring which packages to scan for annotated components such as @Component, @Service, @Repository, and @Controller. Without this annotation, even if a class is marked with @Component, it won’t be detected or registered as a bean.

Let’s explore the provided options in detail:

• Option A is incorrect. Although you can provide a custom name for the bean in @Component, it is not required. If omitted, Spring will use the class name with the first letter in lowercase as the default bean name.

• Option B is correct. The presence of @ComponentScan in the configuration is essential for Spring to perform package scanning and register beans annotated with component stereotypes. This annotation can specify base packages to scan and supports multiple configurations for modular applications.

• Option C is incorrect. While @Scope defines the bean’s lifecycle (e.g., singleton, prototype), it is not mandatory for component scanning. A bean can be detected and registered without explicitly defining its scope.

• Option D is also incorrect. The @Bean annotation is used in Java-based configuration to manually instantiate and register a bean. It is unrelated to component scanning and not required for loading a class annotated with @Component.

In conclusion, to enable Spring to automatically recognize and register @Component classes, the key requirement is to include a properly configured @ComponentScan annotation—making Option B the correct answer.

Question 2:

Which two of the following expressions correctly inject the value of the system property daily.limit using Spring's @Value annotation? (Choose two)

A. @Value("#{daily.limit}")
B. @Value("$(systemProperties.daily.limit)")
C. @Value("$(daily.limit)")
D. @Value("#{systemProperties['daily.limit']}")
E. @Value("#{systemProperties.daily.limit}")

Correct Answers: D and E

Explanation:

Spring provides the @Value annotation to inject values into fields or constructor parameters from external sources such as property files, environment variables, or system properties. When referencing system properties specifically, correct syntax—especially when using Spring Expression Language (SpEL)—is crucial to ensure proper value resolution.

Let’s evaluate each option to determine which two correctly inject the system property daily.limit.

• Option A: @Value("#{daily.limit}")
  This is incorrect. While this uses SpEL, it does not specify the correct context. Spring will attempt to resolve daily.limit as a bean or variable in the application context, not as a system property. Since daily.limit is expected to come from systemProperties, this syntax is invalid.

• Option B: @Value("$(systemProperties.daily.limit)")
  This is incorrect. The $(...) syntax is generally used for placeholder-style property resolution, typically in combination with @PropertySource. However, it doesn’t support nested references to system properties in this format.

• Option C: @Value("$(daily.limit)")
  This is also incorrect. While this may work if daily.limit is defined in an external property file or Spring's environment configuration, it does not refer to a system property specifically, which is the condition in this question.

• Option D: @Value("#{systemProperties['daily.limit']}")
  This is correct. This expression uses SpEL to explicitly retrieve the value of daily.limit from the systemProperties map. It correctly interprets the key 'daily.limit' and injects the corresponding system property.

• Option E: @Value("#{systemProperties.daily.limit}")
  This is also correct. It accesses the same system property but uses dot notation instead of map-style brackets. Both approaches are valid and equivalent in functionality for system property access.

In summary, D and E correctly use Spring Expression Language to fetch and inject the daily.limit system property, making them the correct choices.

Question 3:

Which two of the following options accurately reflect fundamental principles of RESTful architecture? (Choose two.)

A. RESTful systems operate without maintaining any client session state on the server
B. RESTful services communicate essential details through HTTP status codes and headers
C. RESTful APIs are incompatible with caching mechanisms
D. RESTful services manage the client state during interactions
E. RESTful designs encourage tight integration between the client and the server

Correct Answers: A and B

Explanation:

REST (Representational State Transfer) is a widely adopted architectural style for building web services, particularly over HTTP. REST is not a protocol but a set of design principles that emphasize simplicity, scalability, and decoupling of client-server interactions.

Option A is correct because statelessness is a foundational concept of REST. In a RESTful system, each request from the client must include all the necessary context for the server to process it. The server does not retain any session or state information between requests. This ensures scalability and reliability since any server can respond to any request, and horizontal scaling becomes much easier.

Option B is also correct. RESTful applications heavily rely on standard HTTP headers and status codes to convey operational information. For instance, status code 200 signals success, 404 indicates a resource was not found, and 500 signals a server error. Similarly, headers like Content-Type, Authorization, and Cache-Control carry essential metadata. These become implicit contracts between the client and server for reliable communication.

Option C is incorrect because caching is a recommended and supported feature in REST. RESTful services can be optimized using HTTP caching headers such as ETag, Last-Modified, and Cache-Control, reducing server load and improving client performance.

Option D is also incorrect. In REST, the server does not manage client state. Instead, clients must include all necessary information in each request, making every interaction stateless and independent.

Option E is wrong as well. REST promotes loose coupling between client and server, enabling each to evolve independently. REST APIs expose standard interfaces and resource URIs without requiring knowledge of internal implementations on either end.

In conclusion, the correct principles are the stateless design and use of standard HTTP features such as headers and status codes, making A and B the correct answers.

Question 4:

When performing a Spring Boot web slice test, how can a Spring-managed bean be replaced with a mock version?

A. Use the @MockBean annotation to define the mock within the Spring context
B. You cannot replace an existing Spring bean with a mock in a web slice test
C. Mocks are unsupported in Spring Boot’s web slice testing
D. Use the @Mock annotation to mock Spring beans within the test context

Correct Answer: A

Explanation:

In the Spring Boot testing framework, particularly during web slice tests like those annotated with @WebMvcTest, it’s often necessary to mock certain dependencies to isolate the functionality being tested—typically a controller or a web layer component. This is where the @MockBean annotation becomes essential.

Option A is correct. The @MockBean annotation is a Spring Boot-specific feature that integrates with the Spring testing context. When applied to a field in your test class, it replaces the existing bean of the same type in the Spring application context with a mock created by Mockito. This is highly useful in isolating a controller from its dependencies such as services or repositories during unit or slice tests. For example, if your controller depends on a UserService, you can mock it with @MockBean to test the controller’s behavior in isolation.

Option B is incorrect. Even if a bean is already part of the context, it can be mocked using @MockBean. In fact, the purpose of this annotation is to override the real implementation in the test context with a mock, ensuring that no actual service logic or database access is invoked.

Option C is also incorrect. Mocks are not only allowed in Spring Boot slice tests—they are essential to achieving unit testing isolation. Slice tests are designed to focus on a specific layer (e.g., web, service, or data), and mocking out unrelated beans ensures the test scope remains narrow and fast.

Option D is wrong because the @Mock annotation, while valid in Mockito, does not automatically register the mock within the Spring application context. Using @Mock alone does not replace a Spring-managed bean. You would need to use @InjectMocks and additional setup, which is more suitable for pure Mockito unit tests outside the Spring context.

In summary, when conducting Spring Boot slice testing and needing to mock a Spring-managed bean, @MockBean is the recommended and correct approach, making Option A the right answer.

Question 5:

Which two statements best describe core capabilities provided by Spring Security? (Choose two.)

A. Method-level access restrictions are configurable using annotations.
B. A JAAS policy file must be configured to enable Spring Security.
C. Authentication data can be integrated from sources such as databases and LDAP.
D. Using permitAll() disables all Spring Security protections across the application.
E. Spring Security strictly adheres to Java EE Security specifications.

Correct Answers: A and C

Explanation:

Spring Security is a flexible and powerful framework that handles authentication, authorization, and protection against common vulnerabilities in Java-based applications, especially within the Spring ecosystem. It is designed to be extensible, allowing developers to implement security in a variety of customizable ways.

Option A is correct because Spring Security supports method-level security, enabling developers to secure business logic with annotations such as @Secured, @PreAuthorize, and @PostAuthorize. This feature allows for fine-grained access control beyond just URL-based restrictions. For example, developers can specify that only users with a particular role can execute a method, enhancing application security within the service layer.

Option C is also correct. Spring Security is highly adaptable in terms of authentication mechanisms. It can authenticate users against multiple data sources, such as relational databases, LDAP directories, or third-party identity providers like OAuth2 and SAML. This flexibility enables integration with existing enterprise infrastructure and custom user management solutions.

Option B is incorrect because Spring Security operates independently of JAAS (Java Authentication and Authorization Service). It provides its own configuration system and does not require a JAAS policy file, although it can interoperate with JAAS if needed.

Option D is misleading and incorrect. The permitAll() method is used within Spring Security configurations to allow unauthenticated access to specific endpoints or resources (like login pages or static content). However, it does not disable Spring Security globally. Other parts of the application still follow the defined security rules, and overall protection remains intact.

Option E is also incorrect. Although Spring Security offers robust protection, it is not a strict implementation of the Java EE Security model. Instead, it was developed to provide a more modern and extensible alternative for Spring applications, with a broader range of features and more customization options than standard Java EE security.

In conclusion, method-level security and support for varied authentication sources are core capabilities of Spring Security, making A and C the correct choices.

Question 6:

Which two of the following statements are true about a Spring Boot application using Spring MVC? (Choose two.)

A. You can replace the default embedded servlet container with Undertow.
B. Jetty is used as the default embedded servlet container.
C. An embedded servlet container is automatically started by Spring Boot.
D. The default embedded container listens on port 8088.
E. Spring MVC automatically initiates an in-memory database during startup.

Correct Answers: A and C

Explanation:

Spring Boot is designed to streamline the development of Spring applications by providing auto-configuration, standalone execution, and production-ready defaults. One of its key features is the support for embedded servlet containers, which allows applications to run independently without the need for a traditional application server.

Option A is correct because Spring Boot allows switching the embedded servlet container from the default (Tomcat) to others like Undertow or Jetty. This is done by excluding the default container dependency and including the desired alternative. For instance, to use Undertow, you simply add the appropriate Undertow dependency to your build configuration (like pom.xml or build.gradle). This flexibility supports performance tuning or compatibility preferences.

Option C is also correct. A hallmark feature of Spring Boot is that it automatically launches an embedded servlet container, typically Apache Tomcat, when the application starts. This is configured through dependencies and requires no additional server setup. It greatly simplifies development and deployment by allowing the application to run with a simple java -jar command.

Option B is incorrect. Although Jetty is supported, it is not the default. Spring Boot uses Tomcat as the default embedded servlet container unless you explicitly configure otherwise.

Option D is also incorrect. The default port for Spring Boot's embedded servlet container is 8080, not 8088. This default can be changed by setting the server.port property in the application.properties or application.yml file, but 8080 remains the standard unless overridden.

Option E is incorrect. Spring Boot does not start an in-memory database like H2 by default. An in-memory database is only auto-configured if the necessary dependency is included in the classpath and there is no external datasource configured. Otherwise, database configuration is manual or depends on project settings.

To summarize, A and C accurately reflect Spring Boot’s core behavior: it starts an embedded servlet container by default and allows for easy replacement with alternatives like Undertow.

Question 7:

Which two of the following statements correctly describe testing capabilities in the Spring and Spring Boot frameworks? (Choose two.)

A. Spring Boot includes built-in support for EasyMock
B. You can initialize an ApplicationContext using either @SpringBootTest or @SpringJUnitConfig
C. Spring Boot testing does not natively support Mockito spies
D. The spring-test library provides annotations such as @Mock and @MockBean
E. Spring Boot supports both full integration tests and focused slice tests

Correct Answers: B and D

Explanation:

Spring and Spring Boot provide powerful and flexible testing capabilities that help developers verify the behavior of their applications at various layers—ranging from unit testing to full-stack integration testing. These features streamline the process of setting up test contexts, injecting dependencies, and mocking components for controlled testing scenarios.

Let’s analyze each option:

• A. Spring Boot includes built-in support for EasyMock:
  This is incorrect. EasyMock is a separate mocking framework and is not supported by default in Spring Boot. Spring Boot favors Mockito as its default mocking solution, offering tight integration with annotations like @MockBean. If developers want to use EasyMock, they must manually include it and configure its use.

• B. You can initialize an ApplicationContext using either @SpringBootTest or @SpringJUnitConfig:
  This is correct. The @SpringBootTest annotation is used to bootstrap the full Spring application context, which is ideal for integration tests. On the other hand, @SpringJUnitConfig is useful for configuring and running Spring-based tests with JUnit 5, often used when testing specific slices of the application.

• C. Spring Boot testing does not natively support Mockito spies:
  This statement is false. Mockito spies are indeed supported in Spring Boot testing. A spy allows developers to partially mock an object, executing real methods while still having the ability to override behavior when necessary. Spring Boot testing fully accommodates such constructs.

• D. The spring-test library provides annotations such as @Mock and @MockBean:
  This is true. The spring-test module, in conjunction with Mockito, provides @MockBean to inject mocked beans into the Spring context and override real beans during testing. While @Mock is a Mockito annotation used for simple unit testing, @MockBean is unique to Spring Boot for context-aware mocking.

• E. Spring Boot supports both full integration tests and focused slice tests:
  This is also correct. Spring Boot encourages the use of both integration tests (e.g., using @SpringBootTest) and slice tests like @WebMvcTest or @DataJpaTest for testing specific application layers in isolation.

Although B, D, and E are all valid, the most relevant pair of correct answers based on the options is B and D.

Question 8:

Which two statements accurately reflect best practices related to constructor-based dependency injection in Spring? (Choose two.)

A. When a class has only one constructor, @Autowired is optional
B. Constructor injection restricts you to passing only a single dependency
C. Constructor injection is better than field injection for unit testing
D. If multiple constructors exist, Spring can inject without @Autowired
E. Field injection is more suitable for unit testing compared to constructor injection

Correct Answers: A and C

Explanation:

Constructor injection is a preferred method of dependency injection in the Spring framework, especially when developing components that are easy to test and maintain. It involves supplying dependencies as parameters to a class constructor, rather than through fields or setter methods. This approach ensures that dependencies are made explicit, making the class less prone to hidden errors and easier to test.

Let’s explore each answer choice:

• A. When a class has only one constructor, @Autowired is optional:
  This is correct. As of Spring 4.3, if a class has exactly one constructor, Spring will automatically use it for dependency injection, even without the @Autowired annotation. This simplifies code and makes components cleaner by removing unnecessary annotations.

• B. Constructor injection restricts you to passing only a single dependency:
  This is incorrect. One of the strengths of constructor injection is that it allows for multiple dependencies to be injected. You can define constructors with any number of parameters, and Spring will resolve each dependency by matching the parameter types with available beans.

• C. Constructor injection is better than field injection for unit testing:
  This is correct. Constructor injection makes dependencies explicit and required during object creation. This characteristic allows for easier mocking or stubbing of dependencies in unit tests, improving testability. In contrast, field injection uses reflection and hides dependencies, which can lead to tight coupling and poor test isolation.

• D. If multiple constructors exist, Spring can inject without @Autowired:
  This is false. In scenarios where a class defines multiple constructors, Spring cannot determine which one to use unless the developer explicitly marks one with @Autowired. Without this, the framework will throw a BeanCreationException.

• E. Field injection is more suitable for unit testing compared to constructor injection:
  This is incorrect. Field injection is generally discouraged in favor of constructor injection for unit testing because it obscures the class’s dependencies, making them harder to replace or mock in test scenarios.

In conclusion, A and C best reflect correct and modern Spring practices when it comes to constructor-based dependency injection.

Question 9:

When deploying a Tanzu Kubernetes cluster using VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Grid (TKG), which component is responsible for managing the lifecycle of the Kubernetes clusters?

A. Tanzu Kubernetes Grid CLI
B. Cluster API
C. Harbor Registry
D. Tanzu Mission Control

Correct Answer: B

Explanation:

The Cluster API (CAPI) is a critical component responsible for managing the lifecycle of Kubernetes clusters in Tanzu Kubernetes Grid (TKG). It provides a declarative Kubernetes-style API for cluster creation, scaling, upgrading, and deletion, which aligns with VMware’s goal of managing infrastructure using Kubernetes-native tools.

In TKG, when a user initiates the creation of a Kubernetes cluster, the request is handled by the Cluster API, which then interacts with the underlying infrastructure provider (e.g., vSphere, AWS, Azure) to provision and configure resources. The control plane and worker nodes are provisioned based on the specifications defined in the Kubernetes custom resources.

Option A, the Tanzu Kubernetes Grid CLI (tkg command), is a tool used by administrators to interact with TKG and initiate lifecycle operations, but it is not the component executing them. It sends commands that are ultimately handled by the Cluster API.

Option C, Harbor Registry, is a container image registry that provides image scanning and role-based access control, but it is not responsible for cluster lifecycle management.

Option D, Tanzu Mission Control (TMC), is VMware’s centralized management platform for multiple Kubernetes clusters across environments, but it integrates with and uses Cluster API for lifecycle operations in TKG clusters—it does not replace Cluster API.

Cluster API abstracts away much of the complexity of provisioning and maintaining Kubernetes infrastructure. It works by managing Kubernetes custom resources like Cluster, MachineDeployment, Machine, etc., and is extensible to support various infrastructure providers through infrastructure-specific providers (e.g., CAPV for vSphere).

In summary, Cluster API is the engine that drives cluster lifecycle operations in TKG, making it essential for infrastructure automation and modern application delivery in the VMware ecosystem.

Question 10:

Which of the following best describes the role of the kapp tool in the VMware Tanzu ecosystem?

A. It is used to manage node scaling and load balancing in Kubernetes clusters.
B. It provides GitOps-based continuous deployment functionality.
C. It manages Kubernetes application deployment with tracking and diff capabilities.
D. It serves as the CLI tool for interacting with Tanzu Mission Control.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation:

The kapp tool is a part of Carvel, a suite of tools in the VMware Tanzu ecosystem designed to support modern Kubernetes application lifecycle management. The primary purpose of kapp is to deploy, track, and manage applications on Kubernetes clusters with a strong emphasis on transparency and repeatability.

kapp works by comparing the desired state of an application (as defined in the deployment YAML files) to the actual state running on the cluster. It then shows a diff view of what changes will be applied before updating the resources, which significantly reduces the risk of deploying unintended changes.

Option C is correct because it accurately reflects kapp’s core functionality: application deployment and version tracking with visibility into what’s being modified. It supports blue/green-style upgrades, and every deployment is treated as a logical unit that can be rolled back or deleted together.

Option A is incorrect—kapp does not manage cluster infrastructure components like node autoscaling or load balancing; those tasks are handled by tools like Cluster Autoscaler or cloud-native integrations.

Option B sounds relevant, but GitOps-based functionality is more associated with tools like FluxCD or ArgoCD, not kapp. While kapp can be used in a GitOps pipeline, it doesn’t natively provide GitOps automation.

Option D is incorrect because the CLI for Tanzu Mission Control is tmc, not kapp. TMC is for multi-cluster management, whereas kapp is focused on app-level deployment within a cluster.

kapp supports idempotent operations, meaning the same deployment can be run multiple times without causing undesired changes, which is ideal for CI/CD automation. It also offers detailed change visibility, helping teams safely deploy updates.

In conclusion, kapp enhances application deployment reliability by treating each app as a managed unit with full diff and deployment history—a powerful tool for DevOps teams in the Tanzu ecosystem.