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Microsoft MCSA 70-462 Practice Test Questions, Exam Dumps
Microsoft 70-462 (MCSA Administering Microsoft SQL Server 2012/2014 Databases) exam dumps vce, practice test questions, study guide & video training course to study and pass quickly and easily. Microsoft 70-462 MCSA Administering Microsoft SQL Server 2012/2014 Databases exam dumps & practice test questions and answers. You need avanset vce exam simulator in order to study the Microsoft MCSA 70-462 certification exam dumps & Microsoft MCSA 70-462 practice test questions in vce format.
The Microsoft 70-462 Exam, "Administering Microsoft SQL Server 2012/2014 Databases," was a cornerstone of the Microsoft Certified Solutions Associate (MCSA): SQL Server 2012/2014 certification track. This exam was designed for database professionals who perform installation, maintenance, and configuration tasks as their primary area of responsibility. Passing this exam certified that an individual had the essential skills to manage a robust and secure database environment, a critical function in any data-driven organization.
While the 70-462 Exam and its corresponding MCSA certification have been retired by Microsoft, the skills it validates remain fundamental and highly sought after. The core principles of database administration—installation, security, backup and recovery, and troubleshooting—are timeless. The knowledge required for this exam provides a powerful foundation for any role involving on-premises SQL Server and serves as an excellent stepping stone to understanding database management in modern cloud environments like Azure SQL. This series will provide a comprehensive overview of the key topics covered.
A deep understanding of the SQL Server architecture is a prerequisite for the 70-462 Exam. The heart of the product is the Database Engine, which is the core service for storing, processing, and securing data. It handles all the relational data and executes T-SQL (Transact-SQL) queries. Alongside the Database Engine are several other important services. The SQL Server Agent is a critical component used for scheduling and automating administrative tasks, such as backups and maintenance jobs. The SQL Server Browser service helps client applications locate instances of SQL Server on the network.
An installation of SQL Server is known as an instance. You can install multiple instances on a single server, each operating independently with its own set of databases, services, and security configurations. There can be only one default instance, which is referenced by the computer's name, and multiple named instances, which are referenced by a "computer_name\instance_name" format. For the 70-462 Exam, you must be able to describe these components and understand the instance concept.
The 70-462 Exam covers the entire lifecycle of a database server, which starts with planning and installation. Before running the setup wizard, a database administrator must perform several planning activities. This includes selecting the appropriate edition of SQL Server (e.g., Enterprise, Standard, Express) based on the business requirements for features, scale, and high availability. It also involves ensuring the underlying Windows Server operating system is correctly configured and that the hardware meets the performance and capacity demands of the expected workload.
The installation itself is performed using the SQL Server Installation Center. You must be familiar with the key decisions made during this process. This includes selecting the specific features to install, configuring the instance name, and setting the service accounts that will be used to run the SQL Server services. One of the most critical choices is the authentication mode: Windows Authentication mode or Mixed Mode, which allows both Windows and SQL Server logins. A solid understanding of these installation steps is crucial.
After the initial installation is complete, a database administrator must perform several post-installation configuration tasks to harden the server and optimize it for their environment. The 70-462 Exam requires you to be proficient with the primary tool for this purpose: SQL Server Configuration Manager. This tool is used to manage the SQL Server services (start, stop, change service accounts) and to configure the network protocols that clients will use to connect to the database, such as TCP/IP and Named Pipes.
You will also need to configure server-level settings. This is often done using the sp_configure system stored procedure. Two of the most important settings to configure are max server memory, which prevents SQL Server from consuming all the memory on the server, and max degree of parallelism (MAXDOP), which controls how many processors can be used for a single query. Knowing how to configure these and other key settings is a core competency tested on the 70-462 Exam.
The fundamental unit of storage in SQL Server is the database. The 70-462 Exam will expect you to understand the physical and logical structure of a database. Physically, every database is composed of at least two files: a primary data file (.mdf) and a transaction log file (.ldf). The data file stores all the tables and other objects, while the transaction log records all modifications made to the database, which is crucial for data recovery. You can also create secondary data files (.ndf) and group files into filegroups for better data placement and management.
As an administrator, you must know how to create a new database using either the graphical interface in SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) or the CREATE DATABASE T-SQL command. This includes specifying the initial size and growth settings for the data and log files. You should also understand how to view the properties of an existing database to monitor its space usage and configuration.
The primary tool for any database administrator, and your best friend when studying for the 70-462 Exam, is SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS). SSMS is a rich, integrated environment for managing any SQL infrastructure, from SQL Server to Azure SQL Database. You must be completely comfortable navigating its interface. The Object Explorer is the main navigation pane, which provides a hierarchical view of all the servers, databases, and objects you are managing.
The Query Editor is where you will write and execute T-SQL code. It provides features like IntelliSense for code completion and a graphical execution plan viewer for query tuning. In addition to the code-based tools, SSMS offers a vast number of graphical dialogs and wizards that simplify many administrative tasks, such as creating databases, managing security, and configuring backups. Proficiency in SSMS is non-negotiable for anyone taking the 70-462 Exam.
To prepare effectively for the 70-462 Exam, you need to understand its structure and the main skill areas it measures. The exam is composed of a series of questions, which can include multiple-choice, case studies, and other formats, that must be completed within a set time limit. The questions are designed to test your practical, real-world knowledge of database administration.
The exam objectives are broken down into several major categories. These include "Installation and Configuration," which covers the topics discussed in this first part. Other critical areas are "Maintain instances and databases," "Optimize and troubleshoot," "Manage data," and "Implement Security." A significant portion of the exam is also dedicated to "Implement High Availability." A good study plan will focus on all these areas, paying special attention to your own areas of weakness.
Security is one of the most important responsibilities of a database administrator and is a major domain on the 70-462 Exam. You must have a deep understanding of SQL Server's security model, which starts with authentication. SQL Server supports two authentication modes. Windows Authentication is the recommended mode, as it leverages the security of the Windows domain, allowing users to connect using their Windows credentials without needing a separate password. Mixed Mode supports both Windows Authentication and SQL Server Authentication, which uses username and password pairs managed by SQL Server.
Once a user is authenticated, the next step is authorization, which is determining what the user is allowed to do. This is handled through a hierarchy of principals and permissions. At the server level, you have Logins. A Login grants a principal access to the SQL Server instance itself. At the database level, you have Users. A database User is mapped to a server Login and grants access to a specific database. The 70-462 Exam will require you to understand this entire model.
A core administrative task tested on the 70-462 Exam is the management of security principals. You must know how to create and manage Logins at the server level using either SQL Server Management Studio or the CREATE LOGIN T-SQL statement. This includes creating both Windows logins (based on domain users or groups) and SQL Server logins. After a login is created, you must then create a database User within one or more databases and map it to that login using the CREATE USER statement.
Within a database, objects can be organized into Schemas. A schema is a container for objects like tables and stored procedures, and it is also a securable, meaning you can grant permissions on the schema as a whole. A common best practice is to create custom schemas to group related application objects. You should also be familiar with the problem of orphaned users, which occurs when a database user's corresponding server login has been deleted, and know how to fix this issue.
To simplify permissions management, SQL Server uses a role-based security model. The 70-462 Exam will expect you to be an expert on this concept. Instead of granting permissions directly to individual users, the best practice is to grant permissions to roles, and then make your users members of those roles. SQL Server provides a set of built-in fixed server roles for common administrative tasks at the instance level. You must know the purpose of critical roles like sysadmin (full control), securityadmin (manages logins and permissions), and serveradmin (manages server configuration).
Inside each database, there are also fixed database roles, such as db_owner (full control of the database), db_datareader (can read all data), and db_datawriter (can write to all tables). In addition to these built-in roles, you can create your own custom database roles to bundle together the specific, granular permissions needed by a particular application or group of users. This is a key part of implementing the principle of least privilege.
At the most granular level, you can grant permissions on specific objects, known as securables. The 70-462 Exam requires you to be proficient with the T-SQL commands used to manage these permissions. The GRANT command is used to give a permission to a principal. The DENY command is used to explicitly block a permission, and it overrides any GRANT. The REVOKE command is used to remove a previously granted or denied permission.
You must be able to use these commands to grant permissions like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and EXECUTE on objects such as tables, views, and stored procedures. A key concept to understand is the principle of least privilege, which states that a user should only be granted the absolute minimum permissions they need to perform their job function. The 70-462 Exam will test your ability to apply this principle in various security scenarios.
For many organizations, especially those in regulated industries, auditing and data encryption are critical security requirements. The 70-462 Exam covers the features in SQL Server that support these needs. SQL Server Audit allows you to create detailed audit trails of activities occurring on the database server. You must know how to create a Server Audit object, which defines the destination for the audit log, and a Server Audit Specification or Database Audit Specification, which defines the specific events you want to track.
For data protection, you should be familiar with Transparent Data Encryption (TDE). TDE provides at-rest encryption for the entire database, including its data files, log files, and backups. It is "transparent" because the encryption and decryption happen automatically without any changes needed in the application code. You should understand the high-level steps to enable TDE, which involves creating a database master key and a server certificate.
The SQL Server Agent is a powerful tool for automation, but it must be properly secured. The 70-462 Exam will expect you to understand the Agent's security model. By default, the steps in a SQL Agent job run under the security context of the SQL Server Agent service account. However, this account is often highly privileged, which can be a security risk. To address this, the Agent provides a proxy system.
An Agent proxy allows a job step to run under the security context of a different, less-privileged credential. You must know how to create a credential object, which securely stores the username and password, and then create a proxy account that uses that credential. You can then specify this proxy when you define a job step. This ensures that the job step runs with only the permissions it needs, adhering to the principle of least privilege.
A deep understanding of the transaction log and database recovery models is absolutely essential for the 70-462 Exam. The transaction log is a critical component that records every modification made in the database. Its primary purpose is to ensure data integrity and to enable the recovery of the database to a specific point in time. How the transaction log is managed is determined by the database's recovery model. There are three recovery models you must know.
The Simple recovery model automatically truncates the transaction log, which keeps its size small but means you cannot perform point-in-time recovery. The Full recovery model provides the most flexibility, allowing for point-in-time recovery, but it requires you to actively manage the transaction log by performing regular log backups. The Bulk-Logged recovery model is a special-purpose model that minimally logs certain bulk operations for better performance. Choosing the right recovery model is a critical first step in defining your data protection strategy.
The most important job of a database administrator is to protect the organization's data. The 70-462 Exam will test you extensively on your ability to implement a robust backup strategy. You must be an expert on the different types of backups available. A Full backup creates a complete copy of the entire database. A Differential backup copies only the data that has changed since the last full backup. A Transaction Log backup copies the transaction log records created since the last log backup.
These backup types are used together to create a recovery chain. A common strategy is to take a full backup once a week, differential backups daily, and transaction log backups every 15 minutes. This strategy balances backup time with recovery flexibility. For the 70-462 Exam, you must know how to perform these backups using both SSMS and the BACKUP DATABASE and BACKUP LOG T-SQL commands.
Backups are useless if you cannot restore them. The 70-462 Exam requires you to be just as proficient in restoring databases as you are in backing them up. You must be an expert with the RESTORE T-SQL command and its key options. When you are restoring a sequence of backups (like a full, a differential, and several log backups), you must restore all but the very last backup using the WITH NORECOVERY option. This leaves the database in a restoring state, ready for the next backup in the chain to be applied.
The final restore in the sequence is performed using the WITH RECOVERY option, which brings the database online and makes it accessible to users. You must be able to walk through various restore scenarios, such as recovering a database to the point of failure, or performing a point-in-time restore to just before a user made a critical error. The ability to perform these restores under pressure is a core DBA skill.
To ensure the ongoing health of your databases, you must perform regular maintenance tasks. The 70-462 Exam will expect you to know how to automate these tasks using Maintenance Plans. Maintenance Plans are a feature within SSMS that provides a graphical interface for creating and scheduling routine maintenance workflows. These plans are implemented as SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) packages and are executed by the SQL Server Agent.
Using the Maintenance Plan wizard, you can easily create a plan that performs a series of essential tasks on a schedule. Common tasks to include in a maintenance plan are checking the database for corruption using DBCC CHECKDB, rebuilding or reorganizing indexes to remove fragmentation, updating statistics to help the query optimizer, and performing regular database and transaction log backups. This is the simplest way to ensure that all your databases are consistently maintained.
Index and statistics maintenance is critical for query performance, and it is a key topic for the 70-462 Exam. Over time, as data is inserted, updated, and deleted, the indexes on your tables can become fragmented. Fragmentation can cause the database engine to perform extra work to read the data, which slows down your queries. You must know how to detect fragmentation and how to fix it by either rebuilding or reorganizing the index. Rebuilding is more thorough but requires more resources, while reorganizing is a lighter-weight operation.
Statistics are objects that contain information about the distribution of data in your tables. The query optimizer relies heavily on these statistics to create efficient query execution plans. If your statistics are out of date, the optimizer can make bad decisions, leading to poor performance. You must know why it is important to keep statistics updated and how to do so using maintenance plans or custom scripts.
Database Snapshots are a feature you should be familiar with for the 70-462 Exam. A database snapshot creates a read-only, static, transactionally consistent view of a source database at a specific moment in time. The snapshot works by using a copy-on-write mechanism. It is very fast to create because it does not copy any data initially. It only stores a copy of the original data pages the first time they are modified in the source database.
Snapshots have several practical use cases. They can be used to provide a stable, read-only copy of a database for reporting purposes, without impacting the production workload. They are also an excellent tool for protecting against user error. Before performing a large, risky data modification, you can create a snapshot. If the modification goes wrong, you can instantly revert the entire source database back to the state it was in when the snapshot was created.
Proactive monitoring is essential for maintaining a healthy SQL Server environment, and it is a core competency tested on the 70-462 Exam. SQL Server provides a rich set of built-in tools for this purpose. The first tool you should be familiar with is the Activity Monitor in SQL Server Management Studio. The Activity Monitor provides a real-time graphical dashboard of key performance indicators, including processor time, waiting tasks, database I/O, and a list of the most expensive active queries.
For more detailed, programmatic monitoring, you must be familiar with Dynamic Management Views (DMVs) and Functions (DMFs). These are system views that expose a wealth of internal state information about the SQL Server instance. For the 70-462 Exam, you should know the purpose of key DMVs like sys.dm_exec_requests to see currently executing queries, and sys.dm_os_wait_stats to identify the most common resource bottlenecks on your server.
When you need to capture a detailed trace of the activity on your server, there are two primary tools available. The 70-462 Exam expects you to understand both. The older tool is SQL Server Profiler, which provides a graphical interface for capturing a live stream of server events, such as T-SQL statements being executed or stored procedures being completed. While it is easy to use, Profiler can have a significant performance impact on a busy server.
Because of this, the preferred and more modern technology is Extended Events. Extended Events is a highly scalable and lightweight tracing framework that has a much smaller performance footprint than Profiler. You must understand the basic concepts of creating an Extended Events session, which involves defining the events you want to capture, the actions you want to take (like collecting the T-SQL text), and the target where you want to store the output, such as a file.
In a multi-user database system, SQL Server uses locks to protect data integrity and prevent users from overwriting each other's changes. The 70-462 Exam requires you to be able to troubleshoot common concurrency problems related to this locking mechanism. The most common issue is blocking. Blocking occurs when one session holds a lock on a resource that another session needs, forcing the second session to wait. You must know how to identify the head of a blocking chain using DMVs or the Activity Monitor.
A more serious issue is a deadlock. A deadlock is a cyclical blocking chain where two or more sessions are each waiting for a resource that the other holds. SQL Server's deadlock monitor will automatically detect this situation and resolve it by choosing one of the sessions as a "victim" and rolling back its transaction. You must know how to capture the deadlock graph to analyze why the deadlock occurred and how to prevent it in the future.
For long-term performance analysis and trend monitoring, the 70-462 Exam will expect you to be familiar with the Data Collector and the Management Data Warehouse (MDW). This feature set allows you to collect performance and system data from one or more SQL Server instances and store it in a central relational database, the MDW. The Data Collector uses a set of predefined collection sets to gather information about topics like server activity, query statistics, and disk usage.
Once the data is collected and uploaded to the MDW, you can use the built-in reports in SSMS to analyze it. These reports provide a historical view of your server's performance, allowing you to identify trends, diagnose past issues, and perform capacity planning. While it requires some initial setup, the Data Collector provides a powerful framework for historical monitoring, and understanding its purpose is important for the 70-462 Exam.
A proactive database administrator needs to be notified automatically when problems occur. The 70-462 Exam covers the tools for setting up this notification system. The first step is to configure Database Mail. This feature allows the Database Engine to send email messages. You must know how to create a Database Mail profile and account, which involves providing the details of an SMTP server that will be used to send the mail.
Once Database Mail is working, you can create SQL Server Alerts. An alert is a predefined response to a specific event. You can create alerts that are triggered when a SQL Server error of a certain severity occurs, or when a specific error number is raised. You can also create performance condition alerts that are triggered when a performance counter, such as CPU utilization or the number of active transactions, crosses a defined threshold. The alert can then be configured to send an email notification to the DBAs.
When troubleshooting serious system-level problems, the SQL Server error log is your most important source of information. The 70-462 Exam will expect you to know what the error log is and how to use it. The error log is a text file that contains a chronological record of all significant system events, informational messages, warnings, and critical errors that have occurred on the SQL Server instance.
It is the first place you should look when troubleshooting issues like a service that will not start, a database that is failing to recover, or a critical system failure. You can view the error log using the Log File Viewer in SSMS or by reading the text file directly from the file system. Knowing how to read and interpret the messages in the error log is a fundamental troubleshooting skill for any DBA.
A key responsibility for a database administrator, and a major topic for the 70-462 Exam, is implementing solutions to ensure business continuity. This involves two related concepts: High Availability (HA) and Disaster Recovery (DR). High Availability refers to technologies that minimize downtime by providing redundancy and automatic failover in the event of a local failure, such as a server crash within a single data center. The goal is to keep the system running with minimal interruption.
Disaster Recovery, on the other hand, refers to the ability to recover the database service at a secondary, geographically separate data center in the event of a site-wide disaster like a flood or a major power outage. The effectiveness of these solutions is measured by two key metrics you must know for the exam: the Recovery Time Objective (RTO), which is how quickly you need to be back online, and the Recovery Point Objective (RPO), which is how much data you can afford to lose.
Log Shipping is a simple and reliable technology primarily used for Disaster Recovery. The 70-462 Exam will expect you to understand its architecture and configuration. Log Shipping works by automatically backing up the transaction logs from a primary server, copying them across the network to one or more secondary servers, and then restoring them. This process keeps the secondary databases in a warm-standby state, closely synchronized with the primary.
The entire process is automated by three SQL Server Agent jobs: a backup job on the primary, a copy job on the secondary, and a restore job on the secondary. You must know the role of each of these jobs. In the event of a disaster at the primary site, a DBA would have to manually fail over to the secondary server. Because of this manual failover and the potential for some data loss, Log Shipping is considered a DR solution, not an HA solution.
Database Mirroring is an older technology that was primarily used for High Availability. While it has been deprecated in newer versions of SQL Server in favor of Always On Availability Groups, the 70-462 Exam, which covers SQL Server 2012/2014, still requires you to understand it. Database Mirroring operates at the database level and maintains a single, identical copy, or mirror, of a database on a separate server.
You must be familiar with its different operating modes. High-safety mode uses synchronous data transfer, ensuring no data loss, and can provide automatic failover if a third server, known as a witness, is configured. High-performance mode uses asynchronous transfer, which offers better performance but comes with the risk of some data loss. Knowing the differences between these modes and their requirements is a key part of the exam curriculum.
The premier High Availability and Disaster Recovery solution introduced in SQL Server 2012 is Always On Availability Groups (AGs). This is a critical and heavily tested topic on the 70-462 Exam. An Availability Group allows you to fail over a logical group of user databases together from one server to another. This technology is built on top of Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC), which provides the underlying cluster infrastructure and health monitoring.
An AG consists of a primary replica, which serves the read-write workload, and one or more secondary replicas, which maintain copies of the databases. You must understand the difference between synchronous-commit mode, which provides no data loss and is suitable for HA, and asynchronous-commit mode, which has better performance and is suitable for DR. AGs also offer powerful features like readable secondary replicas, which allow you to offload your reporting workload from the primary server.
In addition to Availability Groups, SQL Server also offers another high availability solution called Always On Failover Cluster Instances (FCI). The 70-462 Exam requires you to understand the difference between an AG and an FCI. While an AG provides availability at the database level, an FCI provides availability at the entire instance level. An FCI is a single instance of SQL Server that is installed across multiple nodes in a Windows Server Failover Cluster.
The instance can only be active on one node at a time. If the active node fails, the cluster service will automatically start the SQL Server instance on one of the passive nodes. This provides a high level of availability for all databases within that instance. The primary trade-off is that an FCI requires shared storage that is accessible by all nodes in the cluster, whereas Availability Groups do not.
A common task for a database administrator is moving data into or out of a database. The 70-462 Exam will test your knowledge of the common tools and methods for performing these data transfer operations. For high-speed bulk loading of data from text files, the most powerful tool is the Bulk Copy Program (BCP) utility. This is a command-line tool that can rapidly import and export large amounts of data.
A related T-SQL command is BULK INSERT, which provides similar functionality but is executed from within a query window. For simpler, ad-hoc data movement tasks, you can use the SQL Server Import and Export Wizard. This graphical wizard in SSMS can guide you through the process of moving data between a wide variety of sources and destinations, including other databases, spreadsheets, and text files. You should be familiar with the purpose and use cases for each of these tools.
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