Huawei H12-811 Exam Dumps & Practice Test Questions

Question 1:

In Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), each switch port is assigned a cost that reflects the “expense” or overhead of forwarding traffic through that port. This cost influences the selection of the optimal path to the root bridge by creating a loop-free Layer 2 topology. The default cost assigned to each port depends on its bandwidth.

Which statement best describes the default relationship between the bandwidth of a port and its STP cost?

A. Ports with higher bandwidth have lower STP costs.
B. Ports with higher bandwidth have higher STP costs.
C. The STP cost is equal numerically to the port’s bandwidth in Mbps.
D. STP port costs are assigned randomly without any predictable pattern.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a fundamental protocol in Ethernet networks designed to prevent Layer 2 switching loops by creating a loop-free logical topology. One of the key components STP uses in its decision-making process is the port cost, a numerical value assigned to each switch port that quantifies how "expensive" it is to forward traffic through that port. The root bridge election and the best path calculations rely heavily on these port costs.

By default, the STP port cost is inversely related to the bandwidth of the port: faster links get lower costs. This design encourages STP to prefer high-bandwidth paths when choosing the active topology. For example, older STP standards assign default costs like 100 for 10 Mbps ports, 19 for 100 Mbps, and 4 for 1 Gbps links. This means a 1 Gbps connection is favored over a 100 Mbps link because of its lower cost.

This behavior is logical since higher bandwidth links can carry more traffic efficiently and should ideally be part of the active topology, while slower links can be blocked or put in standby mode to prevent loops. If costs were assigned differently or randomly, STP might select slower links, degrading network performance.

Administrators can manually modify port costs to influence STP path selection for load balancing or redundancy purposes. However, understanding the default inverse relationship between bandwidth and port cost is critical for designing and troubleshooting STP environments. This ensures that network traffic flows optimally over the fastest available paths and that redundant links do not cause unnecessary traffic delays or loops.

Question 2:

In a routing table, when a route is learned via OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), it is associated with a fixed preference value called administrative distance (AD).

What is the default administrative distance for OSPF routes, and how does this value influence routing decisions within the router?

A. True
B. False

Answer: B

Explanation:

In IP routing, routers use a concept called administrative distance (AD) to rank the trustworthiness of routes learned from different routing protocols. When multiple protocols provide routes to the same destination, the router prefers the route with the lowest AD, effectively determining the primary path used for forwarding packets.

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a widely used link-state routing protocol with a default administrative distance of 110 in Cisco routers. This means OSPF routes are less preferred than directly connected routes (which have an AD of 0) and static routes (which typically have an AD of 1), but more preferred than routes learned from protocols like RIP (which has an AD of 120).

The question’s claim that OSPF has a default AD of 10 is incorrect. The number 10 might be confused with other routing protocols or interface metrics, but in standard Cisco implementations, OSPF is assigned an AD of 110 by default. Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) for internal routes has an AD of 90, which is more preferred than OSPF.

Network administrators can modify the administrative distance manually to influence routing preferences when needed. For instance, if an admin wants OSPF routes to be preferred over others, they could reduce the AD of OSPF or increase the AD of competing protocols. This flexibility is important in complex routing environments.

In summary, OSPF’s default administrative distance of 110 helps position it appropriately in the routing decision hierarchy, balancing trustworthiness and protocol type. The claim that OSPF has an AD of 10 is false, making the correct answer “False.”

Question 3:

Among the following protocols, which one is not primarily intended for transferring files across a network?

A FTP
B TFTP
C SFTP
D HTTP

Answer: D

Explanation:

File transfer protocols are specialized network protocols designed to facilitate the movement of files between computers or servers over a network. Each protocol has different features catering to various file transfer needs, including security, complexity, and performance.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is one of the earliest and most widely used protocols for transferring files. It operates over TCP ports 20 and 21 and allows authenticated access to files on a server. FTP supports large file transfers and directory browsing, making it a versatile and reliable choice for file exchange.

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is a simplified version of FTP, designed for minimal complexity and ease of use. Unlike FTP, it does not provide authentication or encryption and runs over UDP port 69. Due to its simplicity, TFTP is often used in controlled environments, such as bootstrapping devices or transferring configuration files within trusted networks.

SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) is a secure extension of FTP that runs over the SSH (Secure Shell) protocol. By encrypting both commands and data, SFTP ensures confidentiality and integrity during file transfers, making it ideal for transferring sensitive information across insecure networks.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), although capable of transmitting files such as images, documents, or downloadable software, is primarily designed for delivering and rendering web content. HTTP operates over port 80 (or port 443 for HTTPS) and follows a request-response model tailored to web page transactions. While files can be transferred using HTTP, it is not optimized nor intended as a dedicated file transfer protocol. Its role is more about fetching web resources rather than managing file exchange sessions.

In summary, while FTP, TFTP, and SFTP are protocols specifically crafted for file transfer tasks—with varying degrees of complexity and security—HTTP is mainly a protocol for web communication and is not primarily a file transfer protocol. Therefore, HTTP is the correct answer as it does not belong to the category of dedicated file transfer protocols.

Question 4:

Is it correct that when a network switch port receives a frame without a VLAN tag, the switch must assign a Port VLAN ID (PVID) to the frame to identify which VLAN it belongs to?

A True
B False

Answer: A

Explanation:

In modern Ethernet networks, Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) are used to segment a physical network into multiple logical networks. VLANs help improve network efficiency and security by isolating broadcast domains. VLAN identification relies on tags inserted into Ethernet frames, specifically following the IEEE 802.1Q standard. This VLAN tag identifies the VLAN membership of each frame as it travels through the network.

However, not every Ethernet frame arriving at a switch port is tagged. Untagged frames are common when connecting to devices that don’t support VLAN tagging, such as legacy hardware, printers, or user computers. In such cases, the switch must have a way to associate these untagged frames with the correct VLAN. This is where the Port VLAN ID (PVID) comes into play.

The PVID is a VLAN identifier that is statically assigned to a switch port. When an untagged frame arrives, the switch automatically tags the frame with the PVID before forwarding it. For example, if the PVID for a port is VLAN 20, any untagged frame entering that port is tagged as belonging to VLAN 20. This tagging is critical for ensuring the frame is processed and routed within the correct VLAN boundary.

Assigning the PVID to untagged frames preserves VLAN segregation, preventing untagged traffic from floating between VLANs and causing security or performance issues. Without this mechanism, untagged frames could be misrouted, breaking the VLAN isolation.

In summary, when a switch port receives a frame lacking a VLAN tag, it must add the configured Port VLAN ID to ensure proper VLAN classification. Therefore, the statement is True.

Question 5:

What benefits does inter-VLAN routing provide when configured in one-arm routing mode? Choose all that apply.

A. Fewer physical links required
B. Lower consumption of IP addresses
C. Decreased number of networking devices
D. Smaller routing table size

Answer: A, B, C

Explanation:

One-arm routing is a technique used to enable communication between different VLANs using a single physical interface on a router. This is achieved by creating multiple logical sub-interfaces on that one physical link, each associated with a unique VLAN. This setup provides several important advantages compared to traditional routing where multiple physical interfaces or links might be needed.

First, it reduces the number of physical links (Answer A) between the router and the switch. Instead of having a dedicated link per VLAN, one physical connection handles all VLAN traffic, simplifying cabling and lowering infrastructure complexity.

Second, it decreases the number of IP addresses required (Answer B). While each sub-interface still has its own IP address corresponding to a VLAN subnet, the physical interface itself is singular, and you avoid having to allocate IP addresses across multiple physical ports. This makes IP management more streamlined.

Third, it lowers the total number of devices involved (Answer C). Since a single router with sub-interfaces handles all inter-VLAN routing, there’s no need for multiple routers or additional routing devices for each VLAN, which reduces hardware costs and simplifies network administration.

Regarding Answer D, the routing table size is generally dependent on the number of VLANs or subnets in the network, not on whether one-arm routing is used. The routing entries for each VLAN still need to exist, so one-arm routing does not inherently reduce routing table entries.

In conclusion, one-arm routing mode offers a more efficient and cost-effective way to manage inter-VLAN traffic by reducing physical cabling, IP address usage, and device count, while maintaining routing functionality.

Question 6:

Is it possible for a trunk interface on a switch to transmit both tagged and untagged Ethernet frames?

A. True
B. False

Answer: A

Explanation:

A trunk interface is designed to carry traffic for multiple VLANs over a single physical connection between switches or between a switch and a router. To distinguish the traffic of different VLANs, frames are generally “tagged” with VLAN identifiers according to the IEEE 802.1Q standard. These tags specify which VLAN the frame belongs to, enabling devices on either end of the trunk to correctly route the traffic to the appropriate VLAN.

However, trunk interfaces can also carry “untagged” frames. Untagged frames typically belong to the native VLAN configured on the trunk port. The native VLAN is a special VLAN that sends traffic without an added VLAN tag. When an untagged frame arrives on a trunk port, the switch associates it with this native VLAN.

This dual capability is important because it ensures backward compatibility with devices that do not support VLAN tagging and allows legacy or management traffic to be carried alongside tagged VLAN traffic without modification. For example, many switches use VLAN 1 as the default native VLAN, meaning any frame sent without a VLAN tag on a trunk link will be assigned to VLAN 1 by default.

In summary, trunk ports are flexible in handling both tagged and untagged frames—tagged frames enable multi-VLAN traffic over a single link, while untagged frames are assigned to the native VLAN, allowing devices without VLAN tagging to communicate seamlessly. This makes trunking a versatile and essential feature in modern network environments.

Question 7:

Is it true that the IEEE 802.11ac wireless standard operates exclusively on the 5 GHz frequency band?

A. True
B. False

Answer: B

Explanation:

The IEEE 802.11ac standard, also known as Wi-Fi 5, is primarily designed to function on the 5 GHz frequency band, which supports higher data rates, greater bandwidth, and reduced interference compared to lower frequency bands. However, it is incorrect to say that it operates solely on the 5 GHz band. While 802.11ac’s main advantages are realized on 5 GHz, many devices supporting this standard are also compatible with the 2.4 GHz band, although the 2.4 GHz band is more commonly associated with older Wi-Fi standards like 802.11b/g/n.

The reason 802.11ac is mostly used on the 5 GHz band is that this band offers significantly more non-overlapping channels, enabling faster and more reliable data transmission. The 2.4 GHz band tends to be congested with various devices such as microwaves, Bluetooth gadgets, and legacy Wi-Fi equipment, which increases the likelihood of interference and degrades performance. On the other hand, 5 GHz provides more spectrum availability and cleaner channels, which are critical for high-throughput wireless communication.

802.11ac also incorporates advanced features such as wider channel bandwidths (up to 160 MHz), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) spatial streams, and sophisticated modulation schemes, all optimized for 5 GHz operation. Devices designed for 802.11ac often prioritize this band to maximize throughput and minimize latency.

Many modern wireless devices are dual-band, supporting both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequencies, and they can switch between these bands depending on network conditions or user preferences. This flexibility improves connectivity but does not imply that 802.11ac is limited to the 5 GHz band. In summary, while 802.11ac mainly leverages the 5 GHz spectrum, it is not restricted to it, making the statement false.

Question 8:

Which protocol is specifically developed to prevent network loops in a Layer 2 environment that includes redundant links?

A. VRRP
B. STP
C. ARP
D. UDP

Answer: B

Explanation:

In Layer 2 networks, switches forward frames based on MAC addresses, and when there are redundant physical links between switches, network loops can form. Such loops cause data packets to circulate endlessly, leading to broadcast storms, network congestion, and serious disruptions. Preventing these loops is essential to maintain network stability and performance.

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is the designated solution for this issue. It operates at Layer 2 and ensures a loop-free topology by selectively blocking redundant paths while keeping a single active path between switches. STP is standardized under IEEE 802.1D and works by electing a root bridge and calculating the shortest path from all switches to this root. It then disables (blocks) any redundant links that could cause loops but keeps them in standby mode in case the active path fails.

If the active path goes down, STP dynamically recalculates the network topology and activates one of the previously blocked paths to maintain uninterrupted connectivity. STP continually monitors the network and adjusts its topology based on changes, which is crucial in environments with multiple redundant links.

Other protocols listed do not serve this function: VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) is designed for Layer 3 gateway redundancy and does not prevent Layer 2 loops. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) maps IP addresses to MAC addresses and is unrelated to loop prevention. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a transport layer protocol for sending datagrams and does not handle any network topology management.

Therefore, STP is the correct protocol to manage redundant links and prevent Layer 2 network loops, ensuring efficient and stable network operation.

Question 9:

Which of the following packet types are utilized by the OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) protocol for communication between routers?

A. HELLO
B. LSR
C. LSU
D. LSA

Answer: A, B, C

Explanation:

The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is a link-state routing protocol commonly used within an autonomous system to distribute routing information efficiently. OSPF employs several specific packet types to facilitate the discovery of neighbors, exchange routing data, and maintain the network topology database. Understanding these packet types is essential to grasp how OSPF operates.

HELLO packets are fundamental for neighbor discovery and establishing adjacency between routers. When a router activates OSPF on an interface, it sends HELLO packets periodically to detect other OSPF routers on the same network segment. These packets confirm that neighbors are alive, help verify key OSPF parameters like area IDs, and maintain relationships to ensure stable routing.

Link-State Request (LSR) packets are used when a router identifies that its link-state database is outdated or missing some information. It sends LSR packets to neighboring routers requesting specific pieces of link-state data that it lacks. This mechanism helps routers synchronize their databases by asking for updates from neighbors.

Link-State Update (LSU) packets are the response to LSR packets or used to propagate changes proactively. LSU packets carry the actual link-state advertisements (LSAs), which describe the state of network links and routers. These updates ensure all routers maintain an accurate and consistent view of the network topology. Upon receiving an LSU, a router updates its local database and recalculates the shortest path tree using the SPF (Shortest Path First) algorithm.

Link-State Advertisement (LSA) itself is not a packet type but the data contained within LSU packets. LSAs detail the network topology and link states, enabling routers to build a synchronized map of the network.

In summary, the OSPF protocol exchanges HELLO, LSR, and LSU packets for neighbor detection, database synchronization, and topology updates, respectively, while LSAs are the informational contents inside LSU packets crucial for routing calculations. This combination ensures OSPF routers maintain an up-to-date and reliable network routing structure.

Question 10:

What key topics are covered in the Huawei H12-811 certification exam, and how do they prepare candidates for practical storage networking roles?

A. Cloud computing and virtualization fundamentals
B. Huawei storage solutions, SAN architecture, and data protection
C. Huawei routing protocols and WAN technologies
D. Basic programming and software development skills

Answer: B

Explanation:

The Huawei H12-811 certification exam is designed primarily for IT professionals aiming to validate their knowledge and skills in Huawei’s storage solutions, with a strong focus on Storage Area Networks (SANs) and related technologies. This certification plays a crucial role in preparing candidates for real-world tasks involving storage networking infrastructure, ensuring they can effectively manage, configure, and troubleshoot Huawei storage products.

One of the core areas tested in the H12-811 exam is Huawei’s storage architecture, which includes an understanding of SAN components such as Fibre Channel switches, storage arrays, and host bus adapters (HBAs). Candidates learn how these components interconnect to build scalable, high-performance storage networks that meet enterprise requirements for data availability and speed.

The exam also emphasizes data protection mechanisms, including RAID configurations, snapshot technologies, and replication techniques. These are vital for ensuring data integrity and availability in enterprise environments. Candidates gain insights into how to implement backup and disaster recovery strategies using Huawei storage systems.

Another significant topic covered is storage networking protocols and standards such as Fibre Channel, iSCSI, and NAS (Network Attached Storage). Understanding these protocols helps candidates design storage solutions that are compatible with various network infrastructures and meet performance and reliability goals.

The H12-811 exam also tests knowledge of storage management and monitoring tools provided by Huawei. These tools assist administrators in managing capacity, monitoring performance, and diagnosing issues proactively, which are essential skills for maintaining smooth storage operations.

By focusing on these technical areas, the Huawei H12-811 certification ensures that candidates are well-prepared to handle practical challenges in storage environments. It bridges theoretical knowledge with hands-on skills, making certified professionals valuable assets for organizations relying on Huawei storage technologies.

In summary, the H12-811 exam covers Huawei’s storage solutions, SAN architecture, data protection, and related management tools. This comprehensive scope equips candidates with the expertise needed to design, deploy, and maintain robust storage networks, positioning them for success in storage-centric IT roles.