Once upon a time I made a water canon out of an old fire extinguisher by unscrewing the top and installing a standard air valve (metal stem, screw in) from a car wheel. If you're so inclinded (and I'm not suggesting it, just saying...) you could probably do the same with a small extinguisher, retrofit a smaller noozle on for more controlled blasts. Have to find one with a screw in valve though which might be tough with the smaller ones.
As for cheap electric air compressors, a $15 emergency car compressor from your favorite discount store will work as the compressor for such limited duty (keep dust out of them and they work a good while in short cycles), no tank of course, but a starting point for a ghetto tech project. Just some thoughts, not suggestions, don't go blowing anything up now.