i had to ask the same question of a friend and he gave me an obvious answer- the wires are denser on the 80-pin cable. if you look at both cables the 40-pin cable will look like it has big fat wires in it compared to the 80-pin one. if you have a floppy cable to compare to the 40-pin cable will look like the floppy in wire density. the 80-pin cable has more wires and again they are much thinner.
I'm pretty sure the 80 pins are for ATA-66 and positive they are for ATA-100 and ATA-133. 40 pins can be used on ATA-100/133 drives but you will get ATA-33 performance.
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