Classic processors homework

sinthon

Member
Jul 15, 2003
162
0
0
I am doing an essay and I need to find the names of three "classic" processors and one processor that could be argued to be a classic.

Thanks
 

MDE

Lifer
Jul 17, 2003
13,199
1
81
You could argue the original Athlon as a classic. First product to put Intel in second place (for a little while at least).
 

Snooper

Senior member
Oct 10, 1999
465
1
76
Don't forget the Intel 4004 (one of the first CPUs if I remember right) or the Motorola 68000.
 

charlie21

Senior member
Oct 10, 1999
491
0
76
Originally posted by: MonkeyDriveExpress
You could argue the original Athlon as a classic. First product to put Intel in second place (for a little while at least).

The Athlon was also the first to hit 1GHz.
 

DaveSimmons

Elite Member
Aug 12, 2001
40,730
670
126
I'd argue the 386 was more of a classic than the 486 -- the 386 introduced the 32-bit flat memory model to x86 while the 486 was just a faster 386.

And AMD's 386-40 was a classic years before Athlon since it was faster than intel's best (the 386-33) until intel introduced the 486.
 

flexy

Diamond Member
Sep 28, 2001
8,464
155
106
Originally posted by: Snooper
Don't forget the Intel 4004 (one of the first CPUs if I remember right) or the Motorola 68000.

MC68000 (halleluja, yeah !)
definetly Z80 !!! (Even if i was a 6502/6510 owner/user, but the Z80 was/is definetly a classic !)

 

DaveSimmons

Elite Member
Aug 12, 2001
40,730
670
126
Originally posted by: Ionizer86
Hmm, I'm confused. What's the definition of "classic" in this regard?
"A processor we like or think was neat" ?

6502 was a classic, it powered millions of Apple II, Atari, and Commodore-64 computers, the first really widely-used personal computers.

 

JC

Diamond Member
Feb 1, 2000
5,847
68
91
IBM's 'Blue Lightning' 486DX/80. Smoked Intel's then-current 66MHz unit. I've got one, if anyone's interested....
 

DaveSimmons

Elite Member
Aug 12, 2001
40,730
670
126
Originally posted by: JC
IBM's 'Blue Lightning' 486DX/80. Smoked Intel's then-current 66MHz unit. I've got one, if anyone's interested....
Was that one of the Cyrix 486 designs IBM used with good integer performance but horrible floating point?
 

BlackOmen

Senior member
Aug 23, 2001
526
0
0
6502 powered the c64 and atari machines
m68k powered the mac, amiga, and other atari machines as well
4004 since it is the first in the legacy of x86
Between the 6502, m68k, and 4004 (and in turn, later x86) you're covering the most popular ones.

I'd argue for the 386 dx as well since I believe that's when we finally got an fpu on the same die.
I guess you could also argue for the Alpha EV6 since it really broke some records as far as bandwidth, but I'd argue for the 386dx first.

And as far as all of the other x86 cpu's being mentioned, yeah you could say they were classic if you are only considering x86 processors. When you consider all cpu's (which seems to be the scope of the original question), they don't seem to be that important.
 

vegetation

Diamond Member
Feb 21, 2001
4,270
2
0
6502 for sure, as they powered Apple //'s , Commodore 64's and Atari 8 bits. Atari console game systems used a variation of the 6502, and even Nintendo used a variation of it for their original NES and updated SNES console.
Motorola 68K deserves a spot as well, as it was the basis for the Mac and Amiga, and several game consoles in the early 90s.
For the PC line, take your pick, but I wouldn't dwell on it too much for historical reasons. Truth is, PCs were downright boring and inferior compared to other systems back in the 80s. It wasn't until the 90s came around when their power and price factor began to shine.
 

Macro2

Diamond Member
May 20, 2000
4,874
0
0
Here you go...

Intel introduced the 4004 - the world's first microprocessor! This breakthrough invention powered the Busicom calculator and paved the way for embedding intelligence in inanimate objects as well as the personal computer.


The 8008 was twice as powerful as the 4004. A 1974 article in Radio Electronics referred to a device called the Mark-8, which used the 8008. The Mark-8 is known as one of the first computers for the home --one that by today's standards was difficult to build, maintain and operate.


The 8080 became the brains of the first personal computer--the Altair, allegedly named for a destination of the Starship Enterprise from the Star Trek television show. Computer hobbyists could purchase a kit for the Altair for US$395. The manufacturer, MITS, expected to sell 200 systems a year. Within months, it sold tens of thousands, creating the first PC back orders in history. Bill Gates founded "Micro-Soft" developing software code for the Altair.


A pivotal sale to IBM's new personal computer division made the 8088 the brains of IBM's new hit product--the IBM PC. Initial IBM sales predictions for 5 years were 240,000 orders - instead over 3 million were sold. The 8088's success propelled Intel into the ranks of the Fortune 500, and Fortune magazine named the company one of the "Business Triumphs of the Seventies."


The 286, also known as the 80286, was the first Intel processor that could run all the software written for its predecessor. This software compatibility remains a hallmark of Intel's family of microprocessors. Within 6 years of it release, there were an estimated 15 million 286-based personal computers installed around the world.


The Intel 386TM microprocessor featured 275,000 transistors--more than 100 times as many as the original 4004. It was a 32-bit chip and was "multi tasking," meaning it could run multiple programs at the same time.


The 486TM processor generation really meant you go from a command-level computer into point-and-click computing. "I could have a color computer for the first time and do desktop publishing at a significant speed," recalls technology historian David K. Allison of the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History. The Intel 486TM processor was the first to offer a built-in math coprocessor, which speeds up computing because it offloads complex math functions from the central processor.


The Pentium® processor allowed computers to more easily incorporate "real world" data such as speech, sound, handwriting and photographic images. The name Pentium®, mentioned in the comics and on television talk shows, became a household word soon after introduction.


Released in the fall of 1995 the Pentium® Pro processor is designed to fuel 32-bit server and workstation applications, enabling fast computer-aided design, mechanical engineering and scientific computation. Each Pentium® Pro processor is packaged together with a second speed-enhancing cache memory chip. The powerful Pentium® Pro processor boasts 5.5 million transistors.


The 7.5 million-transistor Pentium® II processor incorporates Intel MMXTM technology, which is designed specifically to process video, audio and graphics data efficiently. It was introduced in innovative Single Edge Contact (S.E.C) Cartridge that also incorporated a high-speed cache memory chip.

1997: Sony's first DV cameras were a big sales success. They had an i-LINK connector providing digital video transfers to computers. Other manufacturers quickly followed. The first DV capture cards, the DPS "Spark", the Canopus "Rex M-1" and "Raptor" used the Pentium II processor for digital video editing. They provided generation loss-free video editing on PC's for the first time.


Continuing Intel's strategy of developing processors for specific market segments, the Intel CeleronTM processor is designed for the value PC market segment. It provides consumers great performance at an exceptional value, and it delivers excellent performance for uses such as gaming and educational software.


The Pentium® III processor features 70 new instructions--Internet Streaming SIMD extensions-- that dramatically enhance the performance of advanced imaging, 3-D, streaming audio, video and speech recognition applications. It was designed to significantly enhance Internet experiences, allowing users to do such things as browse through realistic online museums and stores and download high-quality video. The processor incorporates 9.5 million transistors, and was introduced using 0.25-micron technology.

In 1999 the Canopus Rex Real-Time was released. This breakthrough provided for the first time native DV video editing with Real-Time filters, titles and transitions. Complex effects like Chroma-Key and Picture-in-Picture could be created on-the-fly using Dual 500 Mhz (and faster) Pentium III processors. Prior to this all special effects required time consuming rendering that interrupted the creative process of filmmaking.


Users of Pentium® 4 processor-based PCs can create professional-quality movies; deliver TV-like video via the Internet; communicate with real-time video and voice; render 3D graphics in real time; quickly encode music for MP3 players; and simultaneously run several multimedia applications while connected to the Internet. The processor debuted with 42 million transistors and circuit lines of 0.18 microns.

2000: The Pentium 4 is ideal to power Real-Time video editing systems like the Raptor RT, Storm and Rex Professional. Multiple simultaneous real-time effects including complex 3D transitions are instantly available using 1.7 GHz or faster Pentium 4 processors. MPEG-2 encoding for DVD production is done at real-time speed. DVD disks with quality approaching Hollywood movies can be made on a well-equipped PC at modest cost for the first time.




4004 8008 8080 8086 8088

Introduced 15 November 1971
1 April 1972
1 April 1974
8 June 1978
1 June 1979

Clock Speeds 108KHz 200KHz 2MHz 5MHz, 8MHz, 10MHz 5MHz, 8MHz


Bus Width 4 bits 8 bits 8 bits 16 bits 8 bits

Number of transistors 2,300(10 microns) 3,500(10 microns) 6,000(6 microns) 29,000(3 microns) 29,000(3 microns)

Addressable Memory 640 bytes 16 KBytes 64 KBytes 1 MB 1 MB

Virtual Memory -- -- -- -- --

Brief Description First microcomputer chip, Arithmetic manipulation Data/character manipulation 10X the performance of the 8008 10X the performance of the 8080 Identical to 8086 except for its 8-bit external bus




80286 Intel386TM DXMicroprocessor Intel386TM SXMicroprocessor Intel486TM DX CPU Microprocessor

Introduced 1 February 1982
17 October 1985 16 June 1988
10 April 1989


Clock Speeds 6MHz, 8MHz, 10MHz, 12.5MHz 16MHz, 20MHz, 25MHz, 33MHz 16MHz, 20MHz, 25MHz, 33MHz 25MHz - 66MHz

Bus Width 16 bits 32 bits 16 bits 32 bits

Number of transistors 134,000(1.5 microns) 275,000(1 micron) 275,000(1 micron) 1.2 million(1 micron)(.8 micron with 50MHz)

Addressable Memory 16 megabytes 4 gigabytes 16 megabytes 4 gigabytes

Virtual Memory 1 gigabyte 64 terabytes 64 terabytes 64 terabytes

Brief Description 3-6X the performance of the 8086 First X86 chip to handle 32-bit data sets 16-bit address bus enabled low-cost 32-bit processing Level 1 cache on chip




Intel486TM SX Microprocessor Pentium® Processor Pentium® Pro Processor Pentium® II Processors

Introduced 22 April 1991 22 March 1993
11 January 1995
7 May 1997

Clock Speeds 16MHz - 33MHz 60MHz - 200MHz 150MHz - 200MHz 233MHz - 450MHz

Bus Width 32 bits 64 bits 64 bits 64 bits

Number of transistors 1.185 million (1 micron) 3.1 million (.8 micron) 5.5 million (0.35 micron) 7.5 million(0.35 micron)

Addressable Memory 4 gigabytes 4 gigabytes 64 gigabytes 64 gigabytes

Virtual Memory
64 terabytes 64 terabytes 64 terabytes 64 terabytes

Brief Description Identical in design to Intel486TM DX but without math coprocessor Superscalar architecture brought 5X the performance of the 33-MHz Intel486TM DX processor Dynamic execution architecture drives high-performing processor Dual independent bus, dynamic execution, Intel MMXTM technology



ttp://www.intelligent-video.com/history_intel.htm
 

Macro2

Diamond Member
May 20, 2000
4,874
0
0
Here you go...

Intel introduced the 4004 - the world's first microprocessor! This breakthrough invention powered the Busicom calculator and paved the way for embedding intelligence in inanimate objects as well as the personal computer.


The 8008 was twice as powerful as the 4004. A 1974 article in Radio Electronics referred to a device called the Mark-8, which used the 8008. The Mark-8 is known as one of the first computers for the home --one that by today's standards was difficult to build, maintain and operate.


The 8080 became the brains of the first personal computer--the Altair, allegedly named for a destination of the Starship Enterprise from the Star Trek television show. Computer hobbyists could purchase a kit for the Altair for US$395. The manufacturer, MITS, expected to sell 200 systems a year. Within months, it sold tens of thousands, creating the first PC back orders in history. Bill Gates founded "Micro-Soft" developing software code for the Altair.


A pivotal sale to IBM's new personal computer division made the 8088 the brains of IBM's new hit product--the IBM PC. Initial IBM sales predictions for 5 years were 240,000 orders - instead over 3 million were sold. The 8088's success propelled Intel into the ranks of the Fortune 500, and Fortune magazine named the company one of the "Business Triumphs of the Seventies."


The 286, also known as the 80286, was the first Intel processor that could run all the software written for its predecessor. This software compatibility remains a hallmark of Intel's family of microprocessors. Within 6 years of it release, there were an estimated 15 million 286-based personal computers installed around the world.


The Intel 386TM microprocessor featured 275,000 transistors--more than 100 times as many as the original 4004. It was a 32-bit chip and was "multi tasking," meaning it could run multiple programs at the same time.


The 486TM processor generation really meant you go from a command-level computer into point-and-click computing. "I could have a color computer for the first time and do desktop publishing at a significant speed," recalls technology historian David K. Allison of the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History. The Intel 486TM processor was the first to offer a built-in math coprocessor, which speeds up computing because it offloads complex math functions from the central processor.


The Pentium® processor allowed computers to more easily incorporate "real world" data such as speech, sound, handwriting and photographic images. The name Pentium®, mentioned in the comics and on television talk shows, became a household word soon after introduction.


Released in the fall of 1995 the Pentium® Pro processor is designed to fuel 32-bit server and workstation applications, enabling fast computer-aided design, mechanical engineering and scientific computation. Each Pentium® Pro processor is packaged together with a second speed-enhancing cache memory chip. The powerful Pentium® Pro processor boasts 5.5 million transistors.


The 7.5 million-transistor Pentium® II processor incorporates Intel MMXTM technology, which is designed specifically to process video, audio and graphics data efficiently. It was introduced in innovative Single Edge Contact (S.E.C) Cartridge that also incorporated a high-speed cache memory chip.

1997: Sony's first DV cameras were a big sales success. They had an i-LINK connector providing digital video transfers to computers. Other manufacturers quickly followed. The first DV capture cards, the DPS "Spark", the Canopus "Rex M-1" and "Raptor" used the Pentium II processor for digital video editing. They provided generation loss-free video editing on PC's for the first time.


Continuing Intel's strategy of developing processors for specific market segments, the Intel CeleronTM processor is designed for the value PC market segment. It provides consumers great performance at an exceptional value, and it delivers excellent performance for uses such as gaming and educational software.


The Pentium® III processor features 70 new instructions--Internet Streaming SIMD extensions-- that dramatically enhance the performance of advanced imaging, 3-D, streaming audio, video and speech recognition applications. It was designed to significantly enhance Internet experiences, allowing users to do such things as browse through realistic online museums and stores and download high-quality video. The processor incorporates 9.5 million transistors, and was introduced using 0.25-micron technology.

In 1999 the Canopus Rex Real-Time was released. This breakthrough provided for the first time native DV video editing with Real-Time filters, titles and transitions. Complex effects like Chroma-Key and Picture-in-Picture could be created on-the-fly using Dual 500 Mhz (and faster) Pentium III processors. Prior to this all special effects required time consuming rendering that interrupted the creative process of filmmaking.


Users of Pentium® 4 processor-based PCs can create professional-quality movies; deliver TV-like video via the Internet; communicate with real-time video and voice; render 3D graphics in real time; quickly encode music for MP3 players; and simultaneously run several multimedia applications while connected to the Internet. The processor debuted with 42 million transistors and circuit lines of 0.18 microns.

2000: The Pentium 4 is ideal to power Real-Time video editing systems like the Raptor RT, Storm and Rex Professional. Multiple simultaneous real-time effects including complex 3D transitions are instantly available using 1.7 GHz or faster Pentium 4 processors. MPEG-2 encoding for DVD production is done at real-time speed. DVD disks with quality approaching Hollywood movies can be made on a well-equipped PC at modest cost for the first time.




4004 8008 8080 8086 8088

Introduced 15 November 1971
1 April 1972
1 April 1974
8 June 1978
1 June 1979

Clock Speeds 108KHz 200KHz 2MHz 5MHz, 8MHz, 10MHz 5MHz, 8MHz


Bus Width 4 bits 8 bits 8 bits 16 bits 8 bits

Number of transistors 2,300(10 microns) 3,500(10 microns) 6,000(6 microns) 29,000(3 microns) 29,000(3 microns)

Addressable Memory 640 bytes 16 KBytes 64 KBytes 1 MB 1 MB

Virtual Memory -- -- -- -- --

Brief Description First microcomputer chip, Arithmetic manipulation Data/character manipulation 10X the performance of the 8008 10X the performance of the 8080 Identical to 8086 except for its 8-bit external bus




80286 Intel386TM DXMicroprocessor Intel386TM SXMicroprocessor Intel486TM DX CPU Microprocessor

Introduced 1 February 1982
17 October 1985 16 June 1988
10 April 1989


Clock Speeds 6MHz, 8MHz, 10MHz, 12.5MHz 16MHz, 20MHz, 25MHz, 33MHz 16MHz, 20MHz, 25MHz, 33MHz 25MHz - 66MHz

Bus Width 16 bits 32 bits 16 bits 32 bits

Number of transistors 134,000(1.5 microns) 275,000(1 micron) 275,000(1 micron) 1.2 million(1 micron)(.8 micron with 50MHz)

Addressable Memory 16 megabytes 4 gigabytes 16 megabytes 4 gigabytes

Virtual Memory 1 gigabyte 64 terabytes 64 terabytes 64 terabytes

Brief Description 3-6X the performance of the 8086 First X86 chip to handle 32-bit data sets 16-bit address bus enabled low-cost 32-bit processing Level 1 cache on chip




Intel486TM SX Microprocessor Pentium® Processor Pentium® Pro Processor Pentium® II Processors

Introduced 22 April 1991 22 March 1993
11 January 1995
7 May 1997

Clock Speeds 16MHz - 33MHz 60MHz - 200MHz 150MHz - 200MHz 233MHz - 450MHz

Bus Width 32 bits 64 bits 64 bits 64 bits

Number of transistors 1.185 million (1 micron) 3.1 million (.8 micron) 5.5 million (0.35 micron) 7.5 million(0.35 micron)

Addressable Memory 4 gigabytes 4 gigabytes 64 gigabytes 64 gigabytes

Virtual Memory
64 terabytes 64 terabytes 64 terabytes 64 terabytes

Brief Description Identical in design to Intel486TM DX but without math coprocessor Superscalar architecture brought 5X the performance of the 33-MHz Intel486TM DX processor Dynamic execution architecture drives high-performing processor Dual independent bus, dynamic execution, Intel MMXTM technology



ttp://www.intelligent-video.com/history_intel.htm
 
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