How does a computer work?

Etryter

Junior Member
Jun 24, 2004
14
0
66
I know how sofware works but I don't understand how a bunch of electricity going through transistors, capacitors and resistors converts to data. If someone could point to a thorough explanation of this or explain it in these forums that would be super fantastic
 

CTho9305

Elite Member
Jul 26, 2000
9,214
1
81
Do you understand the stuff in this thread?

edit: This stuff is worth reading. Assuming nobody else is helpful before I'm home & not exhausted next, my explanation will probably require understanding basic gates, binary addition, the multiplexer, and D flip-flop.
edit2: HowStuffWorks has a decent explanation.
 

Ages120

Senior member
May 28, 2004
218
0
0
Magic, Computer is the world for box of mystery in some langauge. Not really, its boolean logic and transistors.
 

videobruce

Golden Member
Nov 27, 2001
1,048
9
81
I thought this was a HIGHLY technical thread????

Magic, 0,1, true, false...............really technical terms!
 

Etryter

Junior Member
Jun 24, 2004
14
0
66
Originally posted by: CTho9305
Do you understand the stuff in this thread?

edit: This stuff is worth reading. Assuming nobody else is helpful before I'm home & not exhausted next, my explanation will probably require understanding basic gates, binary addition, the multiplexer, and D flip-flop.
edit2: HowStuffWorks has a decent explanation.

CTho9305 thx for the links
so this explains, in detail, how the electric current is converted to code and then is this just simply translated by software and firmware and assembly language to what we see on the computer screen? and then does the software interact with the hardware by simply altering the valuse within the hardware to one or zero?
 

HalitosisCrunch

Junior Member
May 25, 2004
6
0
0
Binary is based on the number two, aswell as the decimal system.
On the far right you have single digits, then tenths, thousands, and so on.
Say you have the number 1628.

this could be represented as...
1= (10x10x10)
6=(6x10x10)
2=(2x10)
8=(8x1)

Binary takes numbers and represents them in certain values in something like the decimal system, except in the value of 2 . So it would be 1 or 0 multiplied by 2 in certain exponentials, till you have the equivalent number. THat's why something as simple as a 32 bit line of 1's and 0's can represent numbers to extreme powers.

Kind of an abstract concept, but relatively simple.
 

Titan

Golden Member
Oct 15, 1999
1,819
0
0
How do computers work?

...

They dont work!

We work.

They just sit there spouting things at us and watch us squirm.

The nice ones play music for us.
 

Runamile

Member
Nov 25, 2001
82
0
0
two words: Lawn Knomes. Lots and lots of little tiny lawn knomes running around inside their little box.

seriously? that is one big question. Yes, boolean logic is a key principle, but there are many things that go together. How about things like the ALUs, DACs, 4 phase power converts, and all that other good stuff. To truely know, you have to learn a bunch of stuff like electronic properties and wave forms and data transmittion/ECC techniques and so on. Its lots of systems and concepts all rolled into one. Its kinda like saying: How does the world economy work? Well, any short explination will omit too many important concepts, and won't help anyone who really wants to know. Any lengthy explinations will need a book. But the above links are a good start.
 

CTho9305

Elite Member
Jul 26, 2000
9,214
1
81
I can't believe all the completely useless answers in this thread!

Originally posted by: Etryter
Originally posted by: CTho9305
Do you understand the stuff in this thread?

edit: This stuff is worth reading. Assuming nobody else is helpful before I'm home & not exhausted next, my explanation will probably require understanding basic gates, binary addition, the multiplexer, and D flip-flop.
edit2: HowStuffWorks has a decent explanation.

CTho9305 thx for the links
so this explains, in detail, how the electric current is converted to code and then is this just simply translated by software and firmware and assembly language to what we see on the computer screen? and then does the software interact with the hardware by simply altering the valuse within the hardware to one or zero?

Did you mean to punctuate those sentences with question marks? My answer to the first question is, "I didn't read the whole thing. Read it, then you can ask a more specific question I can answer clearly." My answer to the second question is, "Pretty much. The software is stored as bytes of data in memory. The hardware reads a few bytes (an instruction), and then based on the values there, generates some signals so that it does things like add, compare two numbers, or start reading future instructions from another location."
 

HalitosisCrunch

Junior Member
May 25, 2004
6
0
0
It's hard to underline the many principles a computer works from without sounding equivocal.

Whether you break it down on a program's language, how the hardware proccesses it, how electronic signals differ in frequencies, etc. Though, I do admit I overlooked the original question.

Too much information to cover in a single sitting. The best answer is to rely on books. They seem to have less sarcastically stringent biases in comparison to the majority of forum members.
 

ET2nuke

Junior Member
Jul 22, 2003
13
0
0
I got a crash course in electronics from the Navy, training for Nuclear Power Electronics Technician- Homer Simpson's job! We had a 6-month concentrated course, started out with the physical construction of diodes, etc, building up through the construction of logic gates, etc- I have a general understanding of the whole picture, though a detailed picture of very little of it. (It has also been a little while since the electronic portion of my training, we moved on to the nuclear portion and forgot a lot of the electronic part) However, I think you would be satisfied if you follow the links provided above, and read everything there- if you want to start at a lower level, examine P-N junctions, and build up from there. You can follow from teh physical properties that allow current flow in only one direction in a diode, to how a transistor works, to logic gates, to mass logic, to something like the Intel 8080 processor core that we learned that puts it all into a working processor. Then you can connect your software, all the way down to the p-n junctions and the flow of electrons. Hard to get more specific than that...

I loved the links, btw- I'll have some fun refreshing myself during slow times at work!

Jeremy

jeremy@jeremily.com
 

naruto1988

Golden Member
Jun 27, 2004
1,028
0
0
Originally posted by: Runamile
two words: Lawn Knomes. Lots and lots of little tiny lawn knomes running around inside their little box.

lawn gnomes, u mean? lol *flamesuit on*
 

imgod2u

Senior member
Sep 16, 2000
993
0
0
Layers and layers of abstraction.

At the top you have applications.
Then the OS.
The OS calls upon the processor/drivers which is the hardware/software interface.
The hardware takes in instructions and data, processes it, and spits out a result.
The OS/program takes this result and interpret what it means.

Each layer is a world of complexity in and of itself and can be done in many different ways. In fact, this entire abstraction model doesn't neccessarily need to be what a computer *has* to be in order to work.

I'd suggest picking up a copy of Patterson and Hennessy and reading about it.

To dumb it down (or at least attempt to), here's the basic process you go through upon bootup:

1. computer powers up, BIOS will load something into memory from HD.
2. The thing loaded into memory will be in a fixed place (for instance, address 1).
3. That thing will be the first program to be executed (the processor takes the instruction at address 1 and goes on from there).
4. Every other program is called by that very first program (it use to be refered to as the OS, nowadays, that thing is just known as a bootloader, which then calls the OS).
5. Each subsequent program calls other programs, runs them, and exits when completed. This cycle continues on and on and on until you click "shutdown" on your operating system and/or power your machine off.
 

Mday

Lifer
Oct 14, 1999
18,647
1
81
Imagine yourself in front of a manual type writer. The old fashioned kind with the metal rods and arms that actually extend to type. Consider that manual typewriter the hard coded instructions on a computer chip. Now, if you want to make use of those instructions, what you do is send some sort of data packet that activates it. For a simple single bit instruction, put a 1 to turn it on (this is a theoretical instruction). With respect to the type writer, you push the key and poof, the arm extends the letter forward. Simple, right?

Now, there are lots of things that can go wrong. You can not have pressed the key hard enough for a letter to be struck, or you could have not had ink\ribbon on the typewriter, or the letter you pressed might not have corresponded to the letter that was struck, or there could have been no paper there at all. There are checks and balances in place in the hardware and software world. Unfortunately, carrying them further into the typewriter analogy will make a big mess.

How the computer interprets a string of 000000s and 11111s depends on the type of hardware and software being used. Now, you have to understand that 1 bit doesnt mean much anymore, since single bit errors occur all the time. Do not think in terms of ones and zeros. Think in terms of a packet of data. That is, do not dwell on the individual letters in a novel, nor really the words. Consider the sentences, paragraphs and chapters.
 

Trente

Golden Member
Apr 19, 2003
1,750
0
0
Originally posted by: tkotitan2
How do computers work?

...

They dont work!

We work.

They just sit there spouting things at us and watch us squirm.

The nice ones play music for us.


:beer:
 

TStep

Platinum Member
Feb 16, 2003
2,460
10
81
After a google search, I found this:
-----------------------------------------------------------

How does my computer work?
As many instructional videos, books and online thingies will tell you that your computer has no form of intelligence or conscious thought, it is merely a tool. They are of course lying. They are nasty little devils, as you will soon be made aware of by the brain injected information you will no doubt procure from this informative and squidgy article.

------

How does my computer work? (please tell me, please!)

Computers work using a system known as binary. This, as the name suggests, means that they consist of lots of bits and bytes and rams and things all chucked into a metal case with a green light stuck on the front with a bit of chewing gum. (NB: Some machines have a red light on the front. This is a sign that they are defective and must be immediately returned to the manufacturer with a violently worded demand for a refund.)

Even though that brief overview left you sitting there thinking "WOW! now I know everything there is to know about computers!", we are going to reinforce your newly found genius by looking at how they work in greater detail. Because we want to, and there isn?t anything you can do about it (insane laughter "ha ha ha " etc.). Despite what you may think, your computer is just a machine and cannot hurt you, unless it falls on you from an upstairs window or you get your face caught in the printer or cooling fan or something.

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Mouse Mat & Processor

The most important component in a computer is fast becoming known as the MMX. This stands for Mouse Mat, with an X on the end to make it sound all technical and important (like with "Playstation", "Malcolm" or "Bacon and"). The mouse mat contains thousands of micro-logic circuits which calculate little things known as "binary stuff". Once calculatorized, the "binary stuff" is sent via cables, or airmail, to a less important component called the processor or CPU (the P stands for processor and the C and U don?t mean anything). A processor is a little flat thing made of solid black plastic.

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Hard Drive

You may think that a "hard drive" is London to Manchester in under 3 hours, or straight onto the green on a par 4, but it is in fact a hard thing that lives inside your computer whether you like it or not. A bit like a squatter. This disk (as it is now safe to call it, as we can categorically confirm that yes, it is indeed a disk) stores a sticky plasticine like substance, known as data, until it is needed. It is normally needed when you wish to save information from your computer, which is done by forcing fluffy jelly babies to make imprints in the squidgyness with their bare hands. The "Hard Drive" is an internal component of your PC, it has no user serviceable parts inside, the jelly babies are NOT edible, and it can not be removed as any attempt will result in the breakdown of the fabric of the space/time continuum, severe enough to cause total destruction, annihilation and vegetarianism in the universe as we know it, unless you?re a qualified repair man.

------

Floppy Drive

A floppy drive is just like a hard drive except for the fact that it is floppy, ie. It?s a floppy hard drive. What once was hard is now floppy, hardness begat floppiness. To insert a floppy disk into the floppy drive, both items must be strengthened with wooden splints as excess floppiness could be hazardous in an unventilated room. Floppy disks have been designed by major manufacturers as a cost effective method of transmitting unwanted viruses.

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The Hamster

The hamster is a small device, usually found on top of the mouse mat, attached to the computer by a small cable. It is, for obvious reasons, named a hamster (because of it?s preference for dried sunflower seeds and running around in a little wheel). The primary function of the hamster is to give you something furry to hold onto with your right hand when using the computer.

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The Red L.E.D. (Light emitting doodah)

The LED is there so that you can see in the dark when using your computer at night. It also doubles as a torch. If you are going out at night then you can take your PC with you to guide your path in the evil darkness. The LED is essentially an essential household essential and makes re-mortgaging the house to buy a PC all seem worthwhile.

------

CD-ROM

CD-ROMs are a waste of money and a con. No PC worth it?s weight in breakfast cereal free gifts should have one. They are only installed to provide a few minutes of entertainment for the user, who watches the draw open and close electronically and apparently by magic. If you really do need CD access on your PC then just glue a cheap Hi-Fi to the front and install a copy of "Microsoft - I?ve just sellotaped my stereo to my computer", widely available on CD-ROM.

------

Monitor

A monitor is a telly, not a very good one though, since you can?t get satellite or cable (or telly). This problem was discovered only after production had begun, and custom jelly moulds had been manufactured, so at present there is little they can do to rectify the problem, although a software upgrade may be in the pipeline.

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Sound Card

The sound card is a thin sheet of cardboard. No-one has been able to determine why, but when this cardboard is inserted into a computer it emits exactly the required sounds at exactly the required times. Convenient.

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Memory

All computers have to have a certain amount of memory. This is available in two format?s: RAMs or ROMs, and which you choose is down to personal preference. A lot of people will make jokes about 8 RAM being 8 male sheep, but these people are stupid and have no sense of humour. To set the record straight: 8 RAM is not 8 male sheep, but four male sheep. They are internally doubled by the processor. That?s what DX2 stands for. The "D" is the ancient something word for sheep, the "X" is the symbol for multiply and the "2" means 2 (as 2 usually does). These sheep are plugged into the motherboards S.I.M.M. sockets (Sheep Interface Memory Module). Female sheep are not normally used for memory due to their tendency to overheat and explode. Experts believe they have solved this problem with the introduction of E.D.O. (ewes don?t overheat) RAM.

------

computerhumour.com

found in internet newsgroup
 

bignaz2k

Junior Member
Jul 6, 2004
6
0
0
Haha. Good question........

After a semester of Computer Organization, I still really dont know. Guess I dont need to know any more than what I learned here for my CS degree. I do know how a MIPS computer adds/subtracts/multiplies/divides, and that is the very core of it all........
 

kautilya

Member
Jul 7, 2004
45
0
0
well a computer works in a lot of ways .
you can get a lot of versions on this one
1>electrical engineers version
2>software engineers version
3>users version
and so on and so forth
determine which version you want
and hopefully you will learn how the computer works
 

jai6638

Golden Member
Apr 9, 2004
1,790
0
0
this is offtopic but what does a software engineer do???? i mean what does Software engineering deal with and how is it different from Computer Science??
 

MalikChen

Senior member
Jan 5, 2004
236
0
0
Originally posted by: jai6638
this is offtopic but what does a software engineer do???? i mean what does Software engineering deal with and how is it different from Computer Science??

Software engineers make more money than computer programmers.

First off, CS is not different from software engineering. Software engineering is to computer programming as an architect is to a construction worker. That is a bit extreme, because most architects aren't as involved in the construction of their work. Software engineering is more or less the designing and the managing of a program, while the programmers are just the coders who impliment the design.
 

jai6638

Golden Member
Apr 9, 2004
1,790
0
0
so ur sayn.. the software engineers are the ones who come up with the ideas and think about ways of going about it and the programmers do thea ctual coding????

one more questoin... the guys who work at tech service centers ( for eg. toshiba service center ) wht qualifiactoin would they be having??? Comp. Engg??
 
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