Some video I watched in regards to planet building say depending on the makeup of a planet it can collapse or keep getting bigger. A super dense planet would result into turning into a star.
Some say Jupiter failed to turn into a sun but it just doesn't have the mass just yet and also they say it has an ice core and not a molten one.
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter
If we reverse time of earth then we could see it shrinking as it lost its mass
This one video shown here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HDb9Ijynfo
is one theory which takes the weight into account for getting bigger.
I have a hard time believing people would actually want to seriously colonize Antarctica. That means, getting married, living there, having children... You want to raise a child in such an environment as some sort of grand experiment?? I think there are a lot of ethical issues to consider.
We have the Know-how to already live on Mars, it's just the Cost of it holding us back and willingness to try.
There is simply no realistic reason to put people on Mars other than the "yea!, we did it!" factor and the "know-how" you speak of is nothing more than proposed solutions to the huge hurdles to accomplish this task and as I've already mentioned in a previous post, how do you manage to get them back?. Mars's gravity is a tall challenge indeed as a rocket with more than double the thrust than that required to leave the Moon's surface would be required. The ONLY viable solution would be landing the return vehicle (and it's propellant's) piecemeal via the "sky-crane" method used to deliver the Curiosity rover, (except it would need a MUCH bigger payload capacity) and assemble it on-site. The smart thing to do is try for a much smaller return vehicle that contains soil and rock samples gathered via rovers, by reducing the weight needed by many magnitudes (no live people and no life-support systems needed), it may be possible to pull this off within a 3-6 year time-frame and at a tiny, tiny fraction of the "pipe-dream" cost of landing humans.
How much hydrogen are we talking here to return a four man vehicle from Mars?You can manufacturer the propellant for a Earth Return vehicle from the Mars surface using Hydrogen you brought from Earth and Carbon Dioxide from the Martian atmosphere in a Sabatier reaction to produce methane and water. The water would have Oxygen extracted from it to produce Oxygen. The Oxygen and Methane would be used as fuel for a Earth Return vehicle. Using this method you only have to bring about 10% of the return propellant from Earth.
FYI - The "sky-crane" method isn't the only method to land on the Martian surface.
How much hydrogen are we talking here to return a four man vehicle from Mars?
If you took all the asteroids and were able to land them on mars the resulting increase would be about 1/30th the mass of the moon, which is trivial. Assuming magic teleportation, there still isn't enough mass in the solar system to use unless you are thinking of hacking apart the Jovian and Saturnian moons and maybe Mercury too. At that point we can consider ourselves demigods and colonization would have been as simple as clipping a fingernail by comparison.