I admit when I first heard this problem, I did not understand what the difference was between a plane and a car, but once I thought about it for a while it became quite evident why the place can take off.
How the problem was presented to me:
-A plane is on a treadmill
-The treadmill is set up such that the speed of the treadmill is controlled by the speed of the plane relative to a stationary object
(For example, if the plane was moving at 5 miles per hour, the conveyor belt would move in the opposite direction at 5 miles per hour)
I just searched in YouTube to see if anyone had created a video of a plane on a treadmill that we could all look at.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EopVDgSPAk
This video is of an AeroAce plane on a treadmill. Since they do not have the capability to track the plane's forward progress relative to a stationary object and set the treadmill to that speed, they instead turn the treadmill's speed up to 4mph and then 10mph in the opposite direction that the plane is trying to move.
The AeroAce cannot exceed a speed of 10mph relative to stationary objects during this short runway, so the treadmill is actually moving faster than the airplane could during the test.
If the AeroAce was a car with the same acceleration capabilities instead of plane, it would not be able to overcome the speed of the treadmill and would just be flung to the back of the room at close to 10mph.
Since the AeroAce is using propellers against stationary air to move forward, it does not matter what speed the wheels are moving underneath it unless the wheels were very poorly lubricated.
In the actual problem as described initially, the treadmill would not be moving nearly this fast during this short period and it would have even less of an impact on the forward velocity of the plane relative to stationary objects.
**** There is another interpretation of the problem that people are trying to answer ****
In this problem, the speed of the treadmill is not controlled by the speed of the plane relative to stationary objects, but is rather the same speed as the wheels.
In this case by the very definition of the speed of the treadmill being equal to the speed of the wheels, the plane could never move forward because if it did, then the wheels would be moving faster than the treadmill which goes against the constraints of the problem.
In this case, the plane could never move forward relative to its starting position.