It isn't your drivers, but either your cable or the ports (on either your graphics card or the display or both). The HDMI port on the 2080 Ti is only HDMI 2.0, which means it doesn't have the bandwidth for 4k 4:4:4 (you need HDMI 2.1 for that). Your best bet is to use the display port connections which are DP 1.4a, with 32gbps bandwidth, vs that HDMI 2.0 with only 18gbps bandwidth.
I suspect that the DP -> HDMI adaptor that you posted is limited in framerate (don't go by what the benchmark or driver config says it is doing, but by measuring the actual rate on the display using a high speed camera). Since it is an external converter, it may be changing things to simply fit within it's own bandwidth limitations and isn't reporting that back up the chain to the graphics card (DP 1.2 is still 21.6gbps which is still higher than HDMI 2.0 so even if the converter you have is dropping things, it can perform better than the HDMI 2.0 will).