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Oracle 1z0-058 Practice Test Questions in VCE Format
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File Oracle.Selftestengine.1z0-058.v2013-11-25.by.Ruth.135q.vce |
Votes 19 |
Size 576.45 KB |
Date Nov 25, 2013 |
Oracle 1z0-058 Practice Test Questions, Exam Dumps
Oracle 1z0-058 (Oracle Real Application Clusters 11g Release 2 and Grid Infrastructure Administration) exam dumps vce, practice test questions, study guide & video training course to study and pass quickly and easily. Oracle 1z0-058 Oracle Real Application Clusters 11g Release 2 and Grid Infrastructure Administration exam dumps & practice test questions and answers. You need avanset vce exam simulator in order to study the Oracle 1z0-058 certification exam dumps & Oracle 1z0-058 practice test questions in vce format.
The 1z0-058 Exam was a certification test designed by Oracle to validate the skills of professionals in administering Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) and Grid Infrastructure on the 11g Release 2 platform. Passing this exam granted the credential of an Oracle Certified Expert. Although this specific exam is no longer available, the principles and technologies it covered are the bedrock of Oracle's high-availability and scalability solutions. Understanding the content of the 1z0-058 Exam provides a strong foundation for managing modern Oracle database environments, including versions 19c and 21c, both on-premises and in the cloud.
Oracle RAC is a technology that allows multiple computers to run the Oracle Database software simultaneously while accessing a single, shared database. This architecture is designed to provide high levels of availability and scalability. If one server (or node) in the cluster fails, the database service can continue uninterrupted on the remaining nodes. Similarly, as workload demands increase, new nodes can be added to the cluster to scale processing power horizontally. The concepts of RAC were a central theme of the 1z0-058 Exam, focusing on how to build and manage these robust database systems.
Oracle Grid Infrastructure is the foundational software that enables the creation and management of a cluster. It must be installed before you can create an Oracle RAC database. The primary components of Grid Infrastructure are Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM). Oracle Clusterware is the intelligence of the cluster, managing node membership and controlling the startup and failover of all cluster resources, including the database instances, listeners, and services. The 1z0-058 Exam required a deep understanding of installing, configuring, and managing this critical software layer for any RAC deployment.
Oracle Clusterware is responsible for making a group of independent servers operate as a single, cohesive system. It uses two critical files stored on shared storage: the Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) and the Voting Disks. The OCR stores the configuration information for the entire cluster, including details about nodes, network interfaces, and all the resources it manages. The Voting Disks act as a heartbeat mechanism, allowing nodes to determine which members are active and to prevent a "split-brain" scenario where a network partition could lead to data corruption.
Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) is a high-performance, volume manager and file system designed specifically for Oracle database files. It simplifies storage administration by allowing the DBA to manage logical disk groups rather than individual files and disks. ASM spreads data evenly across all disks in a group to optimize performance and can mirror data for redundancy. The 1z0-058 Exam tested a candidate's ability to install, configure, and administer ASM, as it is the recommended storage solution for Oracle RAC environments due to its cluster-awareness and ease of management.
A successful Oracle RAC deployment depends on two critical hardware components: the private interconnect and shared storage. The private interconnect is a high-speed, low-latency network dedicated to communication between the nodes in the cluster. This network is used for cache fusion, the mechanism that synchronizes the memory caches of each database instance. Shared storage is the physical disk subsystem accessible by all nodes in the cluster, where the database files, OCR, and Voting Disks reside. The 1z0-058 Exam emphasized proper configuration of these elements for optimal performance and stability.
Cache Fusion is the proprietary technology that makes Oracle RAC a highly scalable and performant solution. In a RAC environment, each node has its own memory buffer cache. When a user on one node needs a data block that is held in the memory of another node, Cache Fusion facilitates the transfer of that block directly across the private interconnect. This process is significantly faster than reading the block from disk, ensuring that performance remains high even as more users and nodes are added. Understanding this data exchange was a key knowledge point for the 1z0-058 Exam.
In an Oracle RAC environment, applications connect to the database through services rather than directly to a specific instance. Services are logical abstractions that can be configured to run on one or more instances within the cluster. This allows for powerful workload management. For example, a high-priority online transaction processing (OLTP) service could be configured to run on specific powerful nodes, while a lower-priority reporting service runs on others. Services also enable seamless failover, as connections are automatically redirected to a surviving instance if a node fails.
The primary driver for implementing Oracle RAC is high availability. The architecture is designed to tolerate failures at multiple levels. If a database instance fails, Oracle Clusterware will automatically restart it or fail over the associated services to another node. If an entire server fails, the remaining nodes continue to provide database access. When combined with redundant components like multiple network interfaces, power supplies, and mirrored storage through ASM, Oracle RAC can provide a comprehensive solution for protecting against unplanned downtime, a critical subject of the 1z0-058 Exam.
Beyond high availability, Oracle RAC provides exceptional scalability. As the demands on the database grow, you can add more servers (nodes) to the cluster to increase the overall processing capacity. This is known as horizontal scaling or scale-out. This architecture allows an organization to start with a small, two-node cluster and grow it incrementally as needed without requiring a massive, expensive single server. The 1z0-058 Exam required administrators to understand how to add and remove nodes from a cluster to manage this scalability effectively.
Proper planning is the most critical phase for a successful Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. This stage, a key focus for the 1z0-058 Exam, involves verifying hardware and software prerequisites. You must ensure all servers intended to be cluster nodes have identical operating system versions and patch levels. It's also crucial to configure kernel parameters, install necessary OS packages, and create the required user accounts and groups. Meticulous planning at this stage prevents countless issues during the installation process and ensures a stable cluster environment for your RAC database deployment.
A RAC cluster relies on a specific network configuration to function correctly. You must configure at least two distinct networks: a public network and a private network. The public network is used for client connections to the database. The private network, or interconnect, is a dedicated, high-speed network used exclusively for communication between the cluster nodes. It carries the vital cache fusion traffic. Additionally, you must configure Virtual IP (VIP) addresses for each node, which enable fast and transparent connection failover for clients if a node becomes unavailable. This setup was fundamental knowledge for the 1z0-058 Exam.
All nodes in an Oracle RAC cluster must have access to a shared storage subsystem. This is where the Oracle Clusterware files (OCR and Voting Disks) and the database files will reside. Before starting the installation, you must provision and configure this storage. This typically involves working with a storage administrator to create LUNs (Logical Unit Numbers) on a SAN (Storage Area Network) and making them visible to all nodes. For the 1z0-058 Exam, a crucial skill was correctly configuring device permissions and persistence, often using tools like ASMLib or udev rules on Linux.
Once all prerequisites are met, you can launch the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) to begin the Grid Infrastructure installation. The installer will prompt you for critical information, such as the cluster name, the network interfaces for public and private networks, and the location for the Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) and Voting Disks. You will specify the shared devices that will be used for these crucial cluster files. The OUI performs extensive prerequisite checks to validate the environment before proceeding with the software installation and configuration, a process tested in the 1z0-058 Exam.
The Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) is a central repository that stores the configuration details for the entire cluster. It maintains information about the nodes in the cluster, the status of cluster resources like databases and services, and other configuration metadata. The OCR must be stored on shared storage accessible by all nodes. Oracle Clusterware automatically maintains redundancy for the OCR by allowing you to configure multiple locations. Understanding how to back up, restore, and troubleshoot the OCR was a key administrative skill evaluated in the 1z0-058 Exam.
Voting Disks are a critical component of Oracle Clusterware used to determine node membership and prevent data corruption. Each node periodically writes a heartbeat to the Voting Disks. If a node cannot access the majority of Voting Disks, it will remove itself from the cluster to avoid a "split-brain" scenario. This is a situation where a network failure could cause two sets of nodes to believe they are the only surviving cluster, leading to independent, conflicting database updates. The 1z0-058 Exam required knowledge of how to manage and multiplex these essential files for high availability.
After the Grid Infrastructure installation completes, it is essential to run post-installation verification checks to ensure the cluster is healthy and fully operational. The cluvfy (Cluster Verification Utility) tool is indispensable for this task. It can validate all aspects of the cluster, including network settings, storage accessibility, and the status of Clusterware components. Once verified, you begin managing the cluster using command-line tools like crsctl to check the status of cluster services and srvctl to manage cluster resources like nodes, databases, and listeners. Proficiency with these tools was a core requirement for the 1z0-058 Exam.
An Oracle RAC cluster is a dynamic environment. Over time, you may need to perform maintenance on a node or expand the cluster's capacity by adding a new node. The 1z0-058 Exam tested the procedures for these common administrative tasks. This includes gracefully stopping the cluster stack on a node to perform maintenance and then rejoining it to the cluster. The process of adding a new node involves extending the Grid Infrastructure software to the new server and having it join the existing cluster, a procedure that must be executed carefully to avoid disruption.
Maintaining the Grid Infrastructure software is crucial for security and stability. Oracle regularly releases patches and updates that must be applied. The 1z0-058 Exam covered the process of applying these patches in a rolling fashion. A rolling patch allows you to update one node at a time without taking the entire cluster offline, thus preserving high availability. This process involves shutting down the Clusterware on a single node, applying the patch, restarting it, and then repeating the process for each remaining node in the cluster.
Mastery of the primary command-line utilities is essential for any RAC administrator. The crsctl command is used to manage Oracle Clusterware itself. You use it to start, stop, and check the health of the cluster services on a node. The srvctl command is used to manage the resources that are registered within the cluster, such as the RAC database instances, listeners, SCAN listeners, and services. For example, you would use srvctl to start or stop the entire RAC database across all nodes with a single command. The 1z0-058 Exam heavily tested the practical application of these two critical tools.
Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) is a volume manager and file system built directly into the Oracle database kernel. It was a major topic in the 1z0-058 Exam. ASM simplifies storage management by allowing DBAs to manage a small number of disk groups instead of thousands of individual database files. It automatically handles the distribution of files across disks for performance and provides mirroring for data protection. The architecture consists of an ASM instance, which is a special type of Oracle instance, and the disk groups that it manages on behalf of the database instances.
A disk group is the fundamental unit of storage management in ASM. It is a collection of physical disks that are managed as a single logical unit. When you create a database file in an ASM disk group, ASM automatically spreads the file's data across all the disks in the group in small chunks called allocation units. This process, known as striping, ensures that I/O operations are distributed evenly, preventing hot spots and maximizing performance. The 1z0-058 Exam required candidates to know how to create, alter, and drop disk groups effectively.
ASM provides built-in data protection through mirroring, which it calls redundancy. When you create a disk group, you can specify one of three redundancy levels. External redundancy means ASM provides no mirroring, relying on an external hardware RAID array. Normal redundancy provides two-way mirroring, protecting against the failure of a single disk. High redundancy provides three-way mirroring for maximum protection. To support this, ASM uses failure groups, which are sets of disks that share a common potential point of failure, like a single storage controller. ASM ensures that redundant copies of data are placed in different failure groups.
An ASM instance is a lightweight Oracle instance that runs on each node of the cluster. It does not contain a data dictionary or user data. Its primary job is to manage the metadata of the disk groups, control access to the files within them, and coordinate with the database instances. The ASM instance is responsible for mounting and dismounting disk groups and for handling rebalance operations whenever storage is added or removed. The 1z0-058 Exam tested the administrator's ability to manage this instance and understand its interaction with the RAC database instances.
Oracle provides several tools for managing an ASM environment. The ASM Configuration Assistant (ASMCA) is a graphical tool used for creating and configuring disk groups and ASM instances. For command-line management, Oracle provides asmcmd, which is an interactive utility with a command set similar to Linux file system commands. Using asmcmd, you can list the contents of disk groups, create directories, and manage files. Proficiency in both the graphical and command-line tools was essential for the tasks presented in the 1z0-058 Exam.
One of the most powerful features of ASM is its ability to automatically rebalance data when the storage configuration changes. When you add a disk to a disk group, ASM will initiate a rebalance operation to redistribute the data evenly across all disks, including the new one. Similarly, when a disk is dropped, ASM moves the data off that disk to the remaining disks in the group. This process happens online, without any downtime for the database. The 1z0-058 Exam required an understanding of how to monitor and control the power of these rebalance operations.
While ASM is optimized for Oracle database files, Oracle also provides the ASM Cluster File System (ACFS) as part of the Grid Infrastructure. ACFS is a general-purpose, POSIX-compliant cluster file system that can be used to store non-database files, such as application binaries, report files, or BFILEs. It leverages the underlying ASM storage and dynamic rebalancing capabilities. ACFS also supports advanced features like snapshots and replication, providing a comprehensive storage solution for the entire application stack, a topic covered within the scope of the 1z0-058 Exam.
Effective administration requires constant monitoring. ASM provides a set of dynamic performance views, often called V$ views, that allow DBAs to monitor the health and performance of the ASM instance and its disk groups. Views like V$ASM_DISKGROUP and V$ASM_DISK provide detailed information about the state of the storage, free space, and any ongoing rebalance operations. Analyzing these views helps in identifying performance bottlenecks, predicting storage needs, and ensuring the overall stability of the storage layer, a critical skill for any professional certified through the 1z0-058 Exam.
In a Grid Infrastructure environment, the ASM instance itself is managed as a cluster resource. This means you should use the srvctl command to perform administrative tasks like starting, stopping, or checking the status of the ASM instance on the cluster nodes. Using srvctl ensures that the Clusterware is aware of the state of the ASM instance and can manage dependencies correctly. For example, the RAC database instances depend on ASM being available, and Clusterware will enforce this startup order. The 1z0-058 Exam expected administrators to use the appropriate tools for managing cluster components.
Even with its simplified management, issues can arise in an ASM environment. A common problem is a disk going offline due to a hardware failure. Another potential issue is a disk group becoming dismounted because of lost connectivity to the storage. The 1z0-058 Exam would test a candidate's ability to diagnose these problems by checking the ASM alert log, querying the dynamic performance views, and using command-line tools to investigate the status of disks and disk groups. A methodical approach to troubleshooting is a vital skill for any RAC and ASM administrator.
After successfully installing and configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure, the next step is to create the Real Application Clusters database. The primary tool for this task is the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA). This graphical utility guides you through the entire process, from defining the database name and storage options to configuring database services. DBCA is cluster-aware; it will automatically create an instance on each node of the cluster, configure the necessary RAC-specific parameters, and register the database as a resource with Oracle Clusterware. This process was a core practical task for the 1z0-058 Exam.
An Oracle RAC database includes several unique background processes that manage communication and coordination between the instances. The most important of these are related to the Global Cache Service (GCS) and the Global Enqueue Service (GES). Processes like LMON (Global Enqueue Service Monitor), LMD (Global Enqueue Service Daemon), and LMS (Global Cache Service Process) are responsible for managing the global resources, handling inter-instance data block transfers, and ensuring cache coherency across the cluster. The 1z0-058 Exam required administrators to understand the roles of these key processes for effective troubleshooting.
Services are a fundamental concept for managing workloads in a RAC environment. Instead of connecting to a specific instance, applications connect to a service name. You can define where a service runs, specifying preferred and available instances. This allows you to segregate different types of work. For example, an OLTP service could run on two nodes while a batch processing service runs on a third. If a preferred instance fails, Oracle Clusterware automatically fails the service over to an available instance, providing seamless application continuity. The 1z0-058 Exam tested the ability to create and manage these services using srvctl.
Services are the key to implementing connection load balancing and transparent application failover (TAF). When clients are configured to use the Single Client Access Name (SCAN) listener, their connection requests are automatically distributed across the least-loaded instances running the requested service. If an instance or node fails, TAF can be configured to automatically reconnect the user session to a surviving instance, sometimes even replaying in-flight transactions. Mastering the configuration of SCAN, listeners, and services to achieve these goals was a critical skill for the 1z0-058 Exam.
The 1z0-058 Exam covered two primary methods for managing a RAC database: administrator-managed and policy-managed. In the traditional administrator-managed approach, you explicitly define which instances run on which nodes in the cluster. In the more modern policy-managed approach, you define server pools and specify how many instances of a database should be running within that pool. Oracle Clusterware then dynamically decides which servers will host the instances, providing greater flexibility and automation. Understanding the differences and use cases for each approach was an important exam topic.
Backup and recovery strategies for a RAC database are largely the same as for a single-instance database, with Recovery Manager (RMAN) being the primary tool. However, there are some RAC-specific considerations. For instance, archived redo logs are generated on each node independently, but all nodes must have access to all archived logs for a complete recovery. Configuring a shared location for archived logs, typically on ASM or a cluster file system, is a best practice. The 1z0-058 Exam expected proficiency in configuring RMAN channels and settings optimized for a multi-node environment.
Tuning a RAC database introduces new dimensions compared to a single-instance database. In addition to standard database tuning, a RAC administrator must monitor performance metrics related to the cluster interconnect and global cache. Excessive wait events related to global cache transfers, such as 'gc cr block 2-way' or 'gc current block busy', can indicate contention or an inefficiently configured interconnect. Tools like the Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) and Active Session History (ASH) provide RAC-specific sections to help diagnose these inter-instance performance issues, a key skill for the 1z0-058 Exam.
In a RAC environment, each instance has its own dedicated set of online redo log files and its own undo tablespace. This is necessary because each instance must be able to perform transaction recovery independently. The redo log threads and undo tablespaces must be stored on shared storage so they are accessible to other nodes in the event of an instance failure and subsequent recovery. Proper configuration and sizing of these components are crucial for both performance and recoverability, and were thus important topics for the 1z0-058 Exam.
Similar to patching Grid Infrastructure, patching an Oracle RAC database can be performed in a rolling fashion to maintain availability. This involves applying the database patch to one node at a time while the other instances remain active and serving users. This requires careful planning and execution, using tools like OPatch to apply the binary patches and then running post-patch scripts against the database. The ability to perform these maintenance operations with minimal disruption to the business was a key competency tested by the 1z0-058 Exam.
The Server Control (srvctl) utility is the definitive tool for managing a RAC database within the cluster framework. While you can use SQL*Plus to start or stop a single instance, srvctl should be used for all administrative tasks that affect the database as a cluster resource. You use srvctl to start and stop the entire database across all nodes, to manage services, to enable or disable instances, and to view the configuration and status of the RAC database. The 1z0-058 Exam required administrators to use srvctl as the primary interface for RAC database management.
As we conclude this series, it is vital to revisit the core principles once tested by the 1z0-058 Exam. The synergy between Oracle Clusterware, Automatic Storage Management (ASM), and the Real Application Clusters (RAC) database forms a powerful high-availability platform. Clusterware manages the infrastructure, ASM provides resilient and manageable storage, and the RAC database ensures service continuity. A deep understanding of how these components interact to detect failures and automate recovery is the fundamental skill of a proficient RAC administrator, a legacy of the 1z0-058 Exam.
Troubleshooting in a RAC environment requires a holistic approach. The problem could be in the database, the Clusterware, ASM, the network, or the operating system. Effective troubleshooting involves using a variety of tools. The Cluster Verification Utility (cluvfy) is essential for proactive health checks. Analyzing the alert logs for the database, ASM, and Clusterware is critical for diagnosing issues. Furthermore, understanding how to use the Clusterware diagnostic logging (diagcollection.pl) script to gather comprehensive information for support was a key skill for administrators preparing for the 1z0-058 Exam.
While the 1z0-058 Exam focused on Oracle 11g, the technology has continued to evolve. Oracle 12c introduced the concept of Flex Clusters. A traditional RAC cluster consists of tightly coupled Hub Nodes. A Flex Cluster adds a new type of node called a Leaf Node. Leaf Nodes are more lightweight and do not require direct access to the shared storage for OCR and Voting Disks. This architecture allows for massively scalable clusters, supporting a larger number of nodes than a traditional cluster, showcasing the platform's development beyond the 11g era.
Alongside Flex Clusters, Oracle introduced Flex ASM in version 12c. In a standard ASM configuration, each database instance connects directly to a local ASM instance on the same node. With Flex ASM, database instances can connect remotely to a small, centralized set of ASM instances running on dedicated ASM nodes within the cluster. This decouples the database layer from the storage layer, reducing the overall overhead of ASM instances in a large cluster and simplifying management, an important architectural shift since the time of the 1z0-058 Exam.
The principles of Oracle RAC, once mastered for the 1z0-058 Exam, are now highly relevant in cloud computing. Oracle offers RAC as a high-availability solution in its own Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI). Running RAC in the cloud provides the same benefits of scalability and fault tolerance but with the added flexibility and agility of a cloud platform. Administrators can provision entire RAC clusters in minutes. Understanding the underlying RAC architecture is crucial for effectively managing and troubleshooting these cloud-based deployments, demonstrating the enduring value of this knowledge.
With the retirement of the 1z0-058 Exam, the certification landscape has changed. Oracle now offers certifications aligned with current software versions, such as Oracle Database 19c. The modern path for a DBA often involves achieving the Oracle Certified Associate (OCA) and then the Oracle Certified Professional (OCP) for database administration. For high availability, professionals might pursue the "Oracle Certified Master" or specific implementation expert certifications that cover RAC, Data Guard, and other Maximum Availability Architecture components. The skills from the 1z0-058 Exam provide a strong foundation for these current credentials.
Despite the retirement of the 1z0-058 Exam, the demand for skilled Oracle RAC administrators remains high. The world's most critical systems in finance, telecommunications, and retail continue to rely on Oracle RAC for their uptime and scalability requirements. The ability to install, configure, manage, and troubleshoot these complex environments is a valuable and specialized skill set. The foundational knowledge of Clusterware, ASM, and RAC database administration is timeless and will continue to be relevant for years to come in any organization that values data availability.
For those pursuing modern Oracle certifications covering these topics, the preparation strategy remains the same. The key is to combine theoretical study with extensive hands-on practice. Build a lab environment, using virtualization if necessary, and practice installing Grid Infrastructure and creating a RAC database from scratch. Practice common administrative tasks like adding nodes, creating services, and performing backups. Simulate failures to test your troubleshooting and recovery skills. This practical experience is far more valuable than simply memorizing facts and is the true measure of a competent administrator.
The 1z0-058 Exam set a high standard for Oracle RAC administrators. While the exam number is a thing of the past, the technologies it represented are very much at the forefront of mission-critical database deployments. By mastering the concepts of Oracle Grid Infrastructure, Automatic Storage Management, and Real Application Clusters, you are equipping yourself with a skill set that is essential for ensuring the high availability and scalability of enterprise data. The knowledge once validated by the 1z0-058 Exam is the foundation upon which modern, resilient database architectures are built.
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